---
title: "Tea tree oil Pickering emulsion preserves refrigerated hairtail by modulating microbial succession"
id: "pubmed-42208456"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42208456"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/"
doi: "10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872"
published_at: "2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Tea tree oil Pickering emulsion preserves refrigerated hairtail by modulating microbial succession
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42208456
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/)
- **DOI:** [10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- This study evaluated a **tea tree oil-based Pickering emulsion (PE)** as a preservative for refrigerated hairtail (Trichiurus haumela). The PE slowed microbial growth over 10 days compared with an untreated control. - Quantitatively, PE treatment reduced total viable counts and psychrotrophic viable counts by **0.53 and 0.58 log CFU/g**, respectively, at day 10 versus control. - Although PE introduced initial odors related to **terpenoids**, it suppressed spoilage volatiles such as **trimethylamine** and **ammonia** during storage. - Chemical spoilage indicators were lowered: PE reduced **total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)** and **thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)** by **over 33%** versus control at 10 days. - High-throughput sequencing showed PE preserved overall microbial diversity by preferentially inhibiting **Pseudomonas spp.**, identified as a core specific spoilage organism in this system. - PE disrupted a cooperative spoilage network between **Pseudomonas spp.** and **Brochothrix spp.**, altering community succession and metabolic activity associated with spoilage. - Correlation analysis suggested **Brochothrix spp.** may have greater stress tolerance than Pseudomonas spp. under PE treatment; the authors note this hypothesis requires further validation. - The findings indicate that PE has potential to extend shelf life of aquatic products by modulating **microbial community succession**, suppressing key spoilage metabolites, and reducing chemical indicators of deterioration. - Keywords reported: Microbial community; Pickering emulsion; Tea tree oil; Trichiurus haumela; Volatile compounds.
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Epub 2026 May 23. # Effects of tea tree oil-based Pickering emulsion treatment on freshness, volatile compounds, and microbial community succession in refrigerated hairtail [Kai Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+K&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Yan Zheng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zheng+Y&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Jiajie Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy."), [Jing Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. Electronic address: chenjing1979@126.com."), [Yingchen Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Y&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Weicong Pan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pan+W&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Bin Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+B&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Shanggui Deng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Deng+S&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. * 2 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy. * 3 Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. Electronic address: chenjing1979@126.com. * PMID: **42208456** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872) Item in Clipboard # Effects of tea tree oil-based Pickering emulsion treatment on freshness, volatile compounds, and microbial community succession in refrigerated hairtail Kai Xie et al. Int J Food Microbiol. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Int J Food Microbiol Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Int+J+Food+Microbiol%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Int+J+Food+Microbiol%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) . 2026 Sep 2:458:111872. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872. Epub 2026 May 23. ### Authors [Kai Xie](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xie+K&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Yan Zheng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zheng+Y&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Jiajie Hu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hu+J&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy."), [Jing Chen](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Chen+J&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. Electronic address: chenjing1979@126.com."), [Yingchen Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Y&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Weicong Pan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pan+W&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Bin Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+B&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China."), [Shanggui Deng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Deng+S&cauthor_id=42208456)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. * 2 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56124, Italy. * 3 Department of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China. Electronic address: chenjing1979@126.com. * PMID: **42208456** * DOI: [ 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872 ](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111872) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract This study evaluated a tea tree oil-based Pickering emulsion (PE) for preserving refrigerated hairtail (Trichiurus haumela). By 10 d of storage, PE treatment significantly inhibited microbial proliferation, reducing total viable counts and psychrotrophic viable counts by 0.53 and 0.58 log CFU/g, respectively, compared with the control group. Despite initial odor influences from terpenoids, PE suppressed spoilage volatiles including trimethylamine and ammonia, reducing the levels of total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances by over 33% compared with the control group on 10 d of storage. High-throughput sequencing revealed that PE maintained microbial diversity by preferentially inhibiting of Pseudomonas spp., a core specific spoilage organism, thereby disrupting the cooperative spoilage network between Pseudomonas spp. and Brochothrix spp. Correlation analysis indicated that Brochothrix spp. potentially possessed higher stress tolerance than Pseudomonas spp. under PE treatment, which requires further validation. These findings demonstrate that PE shows potential to extend shelf life by modulating microbial community succession and metabolic activity, offering a promising natural preservation strategy for aquatic products. **Keywords:** Microbial community; Pickering emulsion; Tea tree oil; Trichiurus haumela; Volatile compounds. Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Conflict of interest statement Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. ## MeSH terms * Animals Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Animals%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Animals) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Bacteria / drug effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bacteria%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacteria) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Bacteria / growth & development Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Bacteria%2Fgrowth+and+development%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Bacteria) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Brochothrix / drug effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brochothrix%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Brochothrix) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Brochothrix / growth & development Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Brochothrix%2Fgrowth+and+development%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Brochothrix) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Colony Count, Microbial Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Colony+Count%2C+Microbial%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Colony+Count%2C+Microbial) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Emulsions Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Emulsions%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Emulsions) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Food Microbiology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Microbiology%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Food+Microbiology) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Food Preservation* / methods Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Food+Preservation%2Fmethods%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Food+Preservation) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Microbiota* / drug effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Microbiota%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Microbiota) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Pseudomonas / drug effects Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pseudomonas%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pseudomonas) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Pseudomonas / growth & development Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Pseudomonas%2Fgrowth+and+development%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Pseudomonas) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Refrigeration Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Refrigeration%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Refrigeration) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Tea Tree Oil* / pharmacology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Tea+Tree+Oil%2Fpharmacology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Tea+Tree+Oil) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) * Volatile Organic Compounds* / analysis Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Volatile+Organic+Compounds%2Fanalysis%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Volatile+Organic+Compounds) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42208456/) ## 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