---
title: "Ultrasmall Polymeric Micelles for Noninvasive Transdermal Rosiglitazone Delivery"
id: "pubmed-42734280"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42734280"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/"
doi: "10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656"
published_at: "2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Ultrasmall Polymeric Micelles for Noninvasive Transdermal Rosiglitazone Delivery
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42734280
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/)
- **DOI:** [10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656](https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.biomac.6c00656)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- The study reports a nanoplatform of **ultrasmall polymeric micelles (PMs)** embedded in **poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels** to enable passive, noninvasive transdermal delivery of **rosiglitazone (RGT)** for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). - Researchers synthesized amphiphilic brush copolymers with varied hydrophobic cores (linear alkanes, benzene, borneol) to tune interactions with the **stratum corneum (SC)** and maintain colloidal stability. - Ex vivo murine skin experiments showed PM variants with a **C10 alkane** core and a **benzene** core achieved cumulative permeation of **10.56%** and **19.84%** at 24 hours, respectively. - The reported permeation occurred via dual routes described as **paracellular** and **intracellular** transport across the skin barrier. - In vivo application of the PM-loaded hydrogels produced steady plasma accumulation of RGT, indicating systemic absorption from topical application. - In a T2DM animal model, transdermal delivery of RGT via these PM hydrogels reduced blood glucose by **30% over 12 days**. - No observable skin or organ toxicity was reported in the study following the transdermal treatment regimen. - The authors propose that the delivery mechanism involves **lipid fluidization** of the SC and **transcytosis**, together enabling noninvasive systemic delivery. - The work positions this nanoplatform as a potential alternative to oral administration for sustained glycemic control, emphasizing passive topical use and nanocarrier design to modulate skin interactions.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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Ultrasmall Polymeric Micelles Enable Noninvasive Transdermal Rosiglitazone Delivery via Lipid Fluidization and Transcytosis [Yuan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Y&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Songmei Luo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luo+S&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui323000, China."), [Lu Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+L&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Yansong Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Ruhui Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+R&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Optometry and Ophthalmology Clinic, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou21500, China."), [Yuhao Jiang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jiang+Y&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-5 "College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325005, China."), [Jingjing Guo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Guo+J&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui323000, China."), [Xingjie Zan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zan+X&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Sicheng Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+S&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Kejun Cheng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cheng+K&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#full-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China. * 2 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China. * 3 Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui323000, China. * 4 Optometry and Ophthalmology Clinic, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou21500, China. * 5 College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325005, China. * PMID: **42734280** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656) Item in Clipboard # Ultrasmall Polymeric Micelles Enable Noninvasive Transdermal Rosiglitazone Delivery via Lipid Fluidization and Transcytosis Yuan Wang et al. Biomacromolecules. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Biomacromolecules Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Biomacromolecules%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Biomacromolecules%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/) . 2026 Sep 14;27(9):5934-5947. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656. ### Authors [Yuan Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+Y&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Songmei Luo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Luo+S&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui323000, China."), [Lu Wang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Wang+L&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Yansong Zhang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zhang+Y&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Ruhui Yang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yang+R&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China.")[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Optometry and Ophthalmology Clinic, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou21500, China."), [Yuhao Jiang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jiang+Y&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-5 "College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325005, China."), [Jingjing Guo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Guo+J&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui323000, China."), [Xingjie Zan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zan+X&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Sicheng Tang](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Tang+S&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-2 "University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China."), [Kejun Cheng](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cheng+K&cauthor_id=42734280)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42734280/#short-view-affiliation-1 "School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China.") ### Affiliations * 1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Fuchun Campus, Hangzhou311402, China. * 2 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Institute , Wenzhou325001, China. * 3 Department of Pharmacy, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui323000, China. * 4 Optometry and Ophthalmology Clinic, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou21500, China. * 5 College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou325005, China. * PMID: **42734280** * DOI: [ 10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656 ](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6c00656) Item in Clipboard Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Abstract Noninvasive transdermal drug delivery (TDD) offers sustained therapeutic release but is hindered by the stratum corneum (SC) barrier. Herein, we report ultrasmall polymeric micelles (PMs) embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for the passive TDD of rosiglitazone (RGT) to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We synthesized amphiphilic brush copolymers with varied hydrophobic cores (linear alkanes, benzene, borneol) to tune SC interactions and ensure colloidal stability. Ex vivo murine skin studies demonstrated that PM variants with C10 alkane and benzene cores achieved 10.56% and 19.84% cumulative permeation at 24 h, respectively, via dual paracellular/intracellular routes. In vivo, PM hydrogels delivered steady plasma accumulation. In a T2DM model, transdermal RGT reduced blood glucose by 30% over 12 days without observable skin or organ toxicity. This nanoplatform enables noninvasive systemic delivery, offering a robust alternative to oral administration for sustained glycemic control. © 2026 American Chemical Society. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Similar articles * [ Improved intestinal absorption of paclitaxel by mixed micelles self-assembled from vitamin E succinate-based amphiphilic polymers and their transcellular transport mechanism and intracellular trafficking routes. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29313392/) Qu X, Zou Y, He C, Zhou Y, Jin Y, Deng Y, Wang Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Liu Y.Qu X, et al.Drug Deliv. 2018 Nov;25(1):210-225. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1419513.Drug Deliv. 2018.PMID: 29313392Free PMC article. * [ A skin-permeable polymer for non-invasive transdermal insulin delivery. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41261125/) Wei Q, He Z, Li Z, Zhou Z, Piao Y, Huang J, Geng Y, Zhang R, Fu Y, Ye J, Yuan Y, Zhu H, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Xu M, Shao S, Tang J, Xiang J, Chen R, Zhou R, Shen Y.Wei Q, et al.Nature. 2025 Dec;648(8093):459-467. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09729-x. Epub 2025 Nov 19.Nature. 2025.PMID: 41261125Free PMC article. * [ Development, Evaluation, and Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Polymeric Microarray Patches for Transdermal Delivery of Vancomycin Hydrochloride. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32706591/) Ramadon D, Permana AD, Courtenay AJ, McCrudden MTC, Tekko IA, McAlister E, Anjani QK, Utomo E, McCarthy HO, Donnelly RF.Ramadon D, et al.Mol Pharm. 2020 Sep 8;17(9):3353-3368. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00431. Epub 2020 Aug 4.Mol Pharm. 2020.PMID: 32706591 * [ Drug delivery through the skin: molecular simulations of barrier lipids to design more effective noninvasive dermal and transdermal delivery systems for small molecules, biologics, and cosmetics. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21595050/) Torin Huzil J, Sivaloganathan S, Kohandel M, Foldvari M.Torin Huzil J, et al.Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2011 Sep-Oct;3(5):449-462. doi: 10.1002/wnan.147. Epub 2011 May 18.Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2011.PMID: 21595050Review. * [ Transdermal innovations in diabetes management. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25418713/) Rao R, Mahant S, Chhabra L, Nanda S.Rao R, et al.Curr Diabetes Rev. 2014;10(6):343-59. doi: 10.2174/1573399810666141124110836.Curr Diabetes Rev. 2014.PMID: 25418713Review. 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