---
title: "Which type 1 diabetes guidelines do Australian tertiary clinics follow? A quantitative study"
id: "pubmed-42604850"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42604850"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/"
doi: "10.1071/AH25307"
published_at: "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Which type 1 diabetes guidelines do Australian tertiary clinics follow? A quantitative study
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42604850
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/)
- **DOI:** [10.1071/AH25307](https://doi.org/10.1071%2FAH25307)
- **Published At:** 2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Study title: "Following the rules: which **type 1 diabetes** guidelines, protocols and recommendations are **tertiary clinics in Australia** following? A quantitative study." The PubMed record shows publication in Aust Health Rev, 2026 Sep 3;50(3):AH25307. - Bibliographic identifiers provided: PMID 42604850 and DOI 10.1071/AH25307. - Authorship: Multiple authors listed including Carolynn L Smith, Ann Carrigan, Nehal Singh, Timothy W Jones, Leanne Cromb, Helen J Woodhead, Anthony Pease, Tony Huynh, Ann M Maguire, Kristen A Neville, David E Bloom, Sophia Zoungas, Jenny Couper, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Elizabeth A Davis and Yvonne Zurynski. Affiliations span Australian institutions (Macquarie University, University of Sydney, University of Western Australia, Monash University, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, and others) and at least one international affiliation (Harvard University). - Journal and issue: Aust Health Rev; 2026 Sep 3;50(3):AH25307. - The PubMed page includes article metadata, author affiliations and links to full-text options, but the abstract and detailed study content are not present in the provided source text. - The title indicates the study is a quantitative investigation into which guidelines, protocols and recommendations are followed by tertiary diabetes clinics in Australia, implying focus on practice adherence and guideline uptake in specialist settings. - The PubMed record lists full-text link options (Silverchair Information Systems) but the source JINA body provided here does not include methods, sample size, results, statistical findings, conclusions, or recommendations. - Because the abstract and main text were not included in the source provided, specific study aims, methodology, measured outcomes, key findings, and authors’ conclusions are not reported here and therefore cannot be summarised or inferred. - Important clinical keywords in the source: **type 1 diabetes**, **tertiary clinics**, **guidelines**, **protocols**, **recommendations**, Australia; these reflect the central topic but no guideline names or adherence rates are reported in the available record. - For full study details (methods, results, interpretation) users should consult the full text via the DOI or journal link; the PubMed entry alone in the provided content does not supply those details.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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A quantitative study [Carolynn L Smith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Smith+CL&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia."), [Ann Carrigan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Carrigan+A&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Digital Health and Human Factors Research Group, Sydney School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia."), [Nehal Singh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Singh+N&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia."), [Timothy W Jones](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jones+TW&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia."), [Leanne Cromb](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cromb+L&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia."), [Helen J Woodhead](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Woodhead+HJ&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-5 "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia."), [Anthony Pease](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pease+A&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-5 "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-7 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."), [Tony Huynh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huynh+T&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-8 "Children's Health, Queensland Clinical Unit and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Qld, Australia."), [Ann M Maguire](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maguire+AM&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-9 "Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia.")[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-10 "The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia."), [Kristen A Neville](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Neville+KA&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia."), [David E Bloom](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bloom+DE&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 11 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-11 "Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA."), [Sophia Zoungas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zoungas+S&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-5 "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia.")[ 12 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-12 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."), [Jenny Couper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Couper+J&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 13 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-13 "The Women's and Children's Hospital, SA, Australia.")[ 14 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-14 "University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia."), [Jeffrey Braithwaite](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Braithwaite+J&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia."), [Elizabeth A Davis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Davis+EA&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia.")[ 15 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-15 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, WA, Australia.")[ 16 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-16 "Paediatrics, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia."), [Yvonne Zurynski](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zurynski+Y&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia. * 2 Digital Health and Human Factors Research Group, Sydney School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. * 3 Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia. * 4 Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia. * 5 School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia. * 6 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. * 7 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. * 8 Children's Health, Queensland Clinical Unit and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Qld, Australia. * 9 Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia. * 10 The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. * 11 Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA. * 12 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. * 13 The Women's and Children's Hospital, SA, Australia. * 14 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. * 15 Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Perth Children's Hospital, WA, Australia. * 16 Paediatrics, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. * PMID: **42604850** * DOI: [ 10.1071/AH25307 ](https://doi.org/10.1071/ah25307) Item in Clipboard # Following the rules: which type 1 diabetes guidelines, protocols and recommendations are tertiary clinics in Australia following? A quantitative study Carolynn L Smith et al. Aust Health Rev. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Aust Health Rev Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aust+Health+Rev%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Aust+Health+Rev%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/) . 2026 Sep 3;50(3):AH25307. doi: 10.1071/AH25307. ### Authors [Carolynn L Smith](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Smith+CL&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia."), [Ann Carrigan](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Carrigan+A&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Digital Health and Human Factors Research Group, Sydney School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia."), [Nehal Singh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Singh+N&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia."), [Timothy W Jones](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Jones+TW&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia."), [Leanne Cromb](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Cromb+L&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Children's Diabetes Centre, The Kids Research Institute Australia, University of Western Australia, WA, Australia."), [Helen J Woodhead](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Woodhead+HJ&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.")[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-5 "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia."), [Anthony Pease](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Pease+A&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-5 "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia.")[ 6 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-6 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.")[ 7 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-7 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."), [Tony Huynh](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Huynh+T&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 8 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-8 "Children's Health, Queensland Clinical Unit and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Qld, Australia."), [Ann M Maguire](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Maguire+AM&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 9 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-9 "Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia.")[ 10 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-10 "The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia."), [Kristen A Neville](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Neville+KA&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-4 "Department of Endocrinology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia."), [David E Bloom](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Bloom+DE&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 11 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-11 "Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA."), [Sophia Zoungas](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Zoungas+S&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-5 "School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Vic, Australia.")[ 12 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-12 "Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia."), [Jenny Couper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Couper+J&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 13 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-13 "The Women's and Children's Hospital, SA, Australia.")[ 14 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-14 "University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia."), [Jeffrey Braithwaite](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Braithwaite+J&cauthor_id=42604850)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42604850/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Aus
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