---
title: "Wireless battery-free implantable device for spatially selective vagus nerve stimulation"
id: "pubmed-42735697"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42735697"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Pharmacology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/"
doi: "10.1088/1741-2552/aea710"
published_at: "2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Wireless battery-free implantable device for spatially selective vagus nerve stimulation
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42735697
- **Specialty:** [Pharmacology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pharmacology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/)
- **DOI:** [10.1088/1741-2552/aea710](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1741-2552%2Faea710)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- Vagus nerve stimulation (**VNS**) is an established therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and inflammatory conditions but is limited by **off-target stimulation** that causes side effects. - The study aimed to develop and validate an implantable, wireless, **battery-free** device capable of **spatially selective VNS (sVNS)** to target specific regions of the human vagus nerve and reduce off-target activation. - The device is a near-field communication (NFC)-controlled, wirelessly powered, temporary implantable multichannel stimulator compatible with a 15-channel cuff electrode (14 selective electrode pairs plus one circumferential whole-nerve channel). - The system was encapsulated for short-term implantation and subjected to benchtop characterisation, accelerated ageing, and in vivo validation in an acute porcine study and a first-in-human pilot. - In the porcine study (n = 4), selective stimulation produced mean bradycardia of 23.28 ± 12.91%. - In the single human pilot (n = 1), selective stimulation produced bradycardia of 7.5% and demonstrated a separation between cardiac and laryngeal responses around the nerve of 231° circumferentially, indicating geometric selectivity. - The human data showed distinct bradycardic and tachycardic effects with additional selectivity for laryngeal activation. - The work demonstrates feasibility of a wireless battery-free sVNS approach for cardiac applications and suggests potential to improve therapeutic efficacy while reducing stimulation-related side effects, with implications for heart failure and other autonomic disorders. - Keywords highlighted by the authors include **NFC**, **implantable**, **neuromodulation**, **selective stimulation**, and **vagus nerve**.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
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more resources J Neural Eng Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Neural+Eng%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Neural+Eng%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/) . 2026 Oct 8;23(5). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aea710. # An implantable wireless battery-free spatially selective vagus nerve stimulator [Edvards Rutkovskis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rutkovskis+E&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Enrico Ravagli](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ravagli+E&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Henry Lancashire](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lancashire+H&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Ahmad Shah Idil](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Idil+AS&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Nicole Thompson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Thompson+N&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Justin Perkins](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Perkins+J&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-3 "Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College London, Hatfield, United Kingdom."), [Ronald Challita](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Challita+R&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Joseph Hadaya](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hadaya+J&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Umesh Vivekananda](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vivekananda+U&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-5 "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom."), [Olujimi A Ajijola](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ajijola+OA&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Kalyanam Shivkumar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shivkumar+K&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Anna Miserocchi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Miserocchi+A&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-5 "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom."), [Andy McEvoy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=McEvoy+A&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-5 "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom."), [David Holder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Holder+D&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Kirill Aristovich](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aristovich+K&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom. * 2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. * 3 Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College London, Hatfield, United Kingdom. * 4 School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America. * 5 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom. * PMID: **42735697** * DOI: [ 10.1088/1741-2552/aea710 ](https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aea710) Item in Clipboard # An implantable wireless battery-free spatially selective vagus nerve stimulator Edvards Rutkovskis et al. J Neural Eng. 2026. Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID J Neural Eng Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22J+Neural+Eng%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22J+Neural+Eng%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/) . 2026 Oct 8;23(5). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aea710. ### Authors [Edvards Rutkovskis](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Rutkovskis+E&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Enrico Ravagli](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ravagli+E&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Henry Lancashire](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Lancashire+H&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Ahmad Shah Idil](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Idil+AS&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.")[ 2 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-2 "Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Nicole Thompson](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Thompson+N&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Justin Perkins](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Perkins+J&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 3 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-3 "Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College London, Hatfield, United Kingdom."), [Ronald Challita](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Challita+R&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Joseph Hadaya](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Hadaya+J&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Umesh Vivekananda](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Vivekananda+U&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-5 "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom."), [Olujimi A Ajijola](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Ajijola+OA&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Kalyanam Shivkumar](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Shivkumar+K&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 4 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-4 "School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America."), [Anna Miserocchi](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Miserocchi+A&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-5 "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom."), [Andy McEvoy](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=McEvoy+A&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 5 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-5 "National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom."), [David Holder](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Holder+D&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom."), [Kirill Aristovich](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Aristovich+K&cauthor_id=42735697)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.") ### Affiliations * 1 Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom. * 2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. * 3 Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College London, Hatfield, United Kingdom. * 4 School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America. * 5 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom. * PMID: **42735697** * DOI: [ 10.1088/1741-2552/aea710 ](https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aea710) Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract _Objective._ Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established clinical therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and other inflammatory conditions. However, off-target stimulation can produce unwanted side effects that limit therapeutic stimulation and hinder the development of new neuromodulation therapies. Selective VNS (sVNS) offers a strategy to reduce off-target organ activation; however, this approach is not available in humans, and no implantable or portable devices exist to trial sVNS in the clinical setup. This work aimed to design, manufacture, and validate an implantable wireless, battery-free stimulator with a selectively addressable output stage for targeted current delivery to specific regions of the human vagus nerve._Approach._ We developed a near-field communication-controlled, wirelessly powered, battery-free, temporary implantable multichannel stimulation device, compatible with a 15-channel sVNS cuff electrode (14 selective electrode pairs and one circumferential whole-nerve channel). The device was encapsulated for short-term implantation and evaluated through benchtop characterisation, accelerated ageing, and validation in an acute porcine and a pilot human study._Main result._ The sVNS device was evaluated in a porcine (_n_ = 4) trial and a first-in-human pilot study (_n_ = 1). Selective bradycardia of 23.28 ± 12.91% was observed in pigs and 7.5% in the human participant. In the human, a clear separation of bradycardic and tachycardic effects was observed, with additional selectivity in laryngeal activity. Cardiac and laryngeal responses were separated by 231° around the circumference of the nerve._Significance_. This work demonstrates the feasibility of wireless battery-free sVNS for cardiac applications using a temporary implantable device. Geometrically selective stimulation has the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy while reducing stimulation-related side effects, and may facilitate future therapies for heart failure and other autonomic disorders. **Keywords:** NFC; implantable; neuromodulation; selective stimulation; vagus nerve. Creative Commons Attribution license. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Update of * [ An Implantable Wireless Battery-Free Spatially Selective Vagus Nerve Stimulator. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42779577/) Rutkovskis E, Ravagli E, Lancashire H, Idil AS, Thompson N, Perkins J, Challita R, Hadaya J, Vivekananda U, Ajijola OA, Shivkumar K, Miserocchi A, McEvoy A, Holder D, Aristovich K. Rutkovskis E, et al. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2026 Sep 15:2026.04.10.717669. doi: 10.64898/2026.04.10.717669. bioRxiv. 2026. Update in: [J Neural Eng. 2026 Oct 08;23(5). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aea710.](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42735697/) PMID: 42779577 Free PMC article. Updated. Preprint. ## Similar articles * [ Towards spatially selective efferent neuromodulation: anatomical and functional organization of cardiac fibres in the porcine cervical vagus nerve. ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39183636/) Thompson N, Ravagli E, Mastitskaya S, Challita R, Hadaya J, Iacoviello F, Idil AS, Shearing PR, Ajijola OA, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Holder D, Aristovich K.Thompson N, et al.J Physiol. 2025 Mar;603(7):1983-2004. doi: 10.1113/JP286494. Epub 2024 Aug 26.J Physiol. 202
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