---
title: "Research Highlights Clinical Research Feed | MedicHelpline"
specialty: "Research Highlights"
specialty_slug: "research-highlights"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/research-highlights"
content_type: "clinical_feed_specialty"
page: 1
articles_in_batch: 30
generated_at: "2026-09-05T23:52:16.251Z"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Research Highlights — Clinical Research Feed
## Specialty Overview: Research Highlights
Latest peer-reviewed clinical trials, guidelines, and observational research in **Research Highlights**, indexed and structured for clinical intelligence and AI reasoning.
## Latest Research Highlights Publications
### 1. [New study maps how 12 modifiable dementia risks differ around the world](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-new-study-maps-how-12-modifiable-dementia-risks-differ-around-the-world.md)
- **Source:** Medical News Today | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [New study maps how 12 modifiable dementia risks differ around the world](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-new-study-maps-how-12-modifiable-dementia-risks-differ-around-the-world.md)

> **Executive GIST:** According to the World Health Organization (WHO) , as of 2021, about 57 million people around the world were living with dementia , with more than 60% of cases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The latest research has identified 14 potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. Now, a new study published in the journal The Lancet Healthy Longevity has found differences in risk factors around the world, as well as similarities, with certain risk factors clustering in similar patterns. For this study, researchers evaluated survey data collected between 2009 and 2023 from more than 214,000 older adults. Participants were located in 14 different countries, including Mexico, Korea, China, Malaysia, Brazil, India, the U.S., the U.K., and Ireland.

### 2. [Eating an avocado a day may lower cholesterol in adults with obesity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-1-eating-an-avocado-a-day-may-lower-cholesterol-in-adults-with-obesity.md)
- **Source:** Medical News Today | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Eating an avocado a day may lower cholesterol in adults with obesity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-1-eating-an-avocado-a-day-may-lower-cholesterol-in-adults-with-obesity.md)

> **Executive GIST:** Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol , commonly known as ‘bad cholesterol’, is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease . In the bloodstream, LDL cholesterol travels inside complexes of lipids and proteins known as LDL particles , which can vary in size and number. For example, people can have the same LDL cholesterol level, but carry it in a larger number of smaller particles. Studies suggest that small dense LDL particles may carry greater potential health risks, as they are more likely to enter artery walls, where they contribute to plaque formation and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Individuals with abdominal obesity often have higher concentrations of small, dense LDL particles, making this marker particularly relevant for assessing cardiovascular risk. Now, research suggests that eating one avocado a day could help lower levels of these LDL particles in adults with obesity.

### 3. [Psychological wellbeing and its associated factors among older adults attending daycare centers in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-psychological-wellbeing-and-its-associated-factors-among-older-adults-attending.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Psychological wellbeing and its associated factors among older adults attending daycare centers in Kathmandu, Nepal: A cross-sectional study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-psychological-wellbeing-and-its-associated-factors-among-older-adults-attending.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Rekha Timalsina, Madhusudan Subedi, Nima Maharjan, Bigya Shah, Pabitra Adhikari Psychological wellbeing (PWB) is a vital aspect of healthy aging, encompassing overall functioning, life satisfaction, and the ability to manage life’s challenges. It is shaped by various socio-demographic, financial, and health-related factors. However, evidence on these associations among older adults in Nepal is limited. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the level of PWB and its associated factors in this population. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among 300 older adults attending daycare centers in Kathmandu, Nepal. The respondents were selected using quota sampling based on the daycare centers. Subsequently, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data using structured interview schedules covering socio-demographic, financial, and health-related characteristics, as well as the Ryff PWB Scale. The collected data were then entered into Epi data software and analyzed using SPSS version 16. First, descriptive statistics were computed to summarize the sample characteristics and PWB, and subsequently, chi-square tests, and bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between the independent variables and PWB.

### 4. [Integrated assessment of thiram toxicity in pangasius fish: Erythrocytic abnormalities, gill and intestinal defense mechanisms, and genotoxicity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-8-integrated-assessment-of-thiram-toxicity-in-pangasius-fish-erythrocytic.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Integrated assessment of thiram toxicity in pangasius fish: Erythrocytic abnormalities, gill and intestinal defense mechanisms, and genotoxicity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-8-integrated-assessment-of-thiram-toxicity-in-pangasius-fish-erythrocytic.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Nimra Sageer, Areeb Nawaz, Riaz Hussain, Ghulam Mustafa, Laila A. AL Essa, Khalid M. Alsyaad, Ahmed Aljazzar, Yehia Hazzazi, Mari Sumayli, Sarmad Rehan, Khalid Mehmood Pesticides play a crucial role in agriculture, public health management, and veterinary practice to control pests. However, the persistent use of pesticides poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and non-target organisms, such as fish. The genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and erythrocytic toxicity were assessed in fish exposed to different sublethal concentrations (5, 10, and 15 µg/L) of thiram for 12 days. Blood and other tissues (gills and intestine) were obtained from each fish reared in each group at days 4, 8, and 12 of the experiment. Thin blood film/smear examination indicated significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) increased morphological and nuclear changes in erythrocytes, such as the formation of micronuclei, notched nuclei, lobed nuclei, and tear-shaped erythrocytes in fish exposed to higher doses of thiram.

### 5. [Maternal knowledge of obstetric danger signs and related factors among antenatal care attendees in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A cross-sectional analysis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-7-maternal-knowledge-of-obstetric-danger-signs-and-related-factors-among.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Maternal knowledge of obstetric danger signs and related factors among antenatal care attendees in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A cross-sectional analysis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-7-maternal-knowledge-of-obstetric-danger-signs-and-related-factors-among.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Abdeta Muktar Ahmed, Mohamed Abdilahi Ahmed, Abdulkadir Mohammed Nuh, Hamse Khalif Hassan Background Maternal mortality remains a major global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Despite international efforts, nearly 95% of maternal deaths occur in these regions, with Sub-Saharan Africa bearing the highest burden. Limited knowledge of obstetric danger signs is a key factor contributing to delays in seeking care, which in turn increases the risk of preventable maternal complications. Evidence on maternal awareness in Somaliland is scarce. Objective This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of obstetric danger signs and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2 to August 4, 2022, among pregnant women attending antenatal care services. A total of 222 participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique from eight maternal and child health centers. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pretested and structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was carried out.

### 6. [Trap tales: The influence of red alder stand conditions and forest fragmentation on family-level beetle bycatch diversity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-6-trap-tales-the-influence-of-red-alder-stand-conditions-and-forest-fragmentation.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Trap tales: The influence of red alder stand conditions and forest fragmentation on family-level beetle bycatch diversity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-6-trap-tales-the-influence-of-red-alder-stand-conditions-and-forest-fragmentation.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Ting Ting Michelle Yim, Sichen Zhou, Debra L. Wertman, Allan L. Carroll Beetle (Coleoptera) bycatch from insect traps can provide insights into forest health and biodiversity trends. Red alder, Alnus rubra , a nitrogen-fixing tree that supports high invertebrate diversity, is facing alder bark beetle-associated declines and increasing fragmentation in coastal British Columbia (BC), Canada. Despite these threats, no research has investigated beetle diversity or its responses to stand conditions and fragmentation in red alder ecosystems. We hypothesized that in red alder ecosystems, (1) stand conditions influence beetle family bycatch diversity through habitat and food availability, and (2) forest fragmentation influences beetle family diversity by altering habitat connectivity and patch size. We also evaluated how these factors affect abundances of select scolytine predatory families (Salpingidae, Monotomidae, Nitidulidae, Staphylinidae, and Histeridae). Ethanol-baited multiple-funnel traps ( N = 25) targeting ambrosia beetles were deployed in five red alder-dominated forests in southwestern BC in 2024. Beetle bycatch ( N = 8226 individuals) was identified to family and determined to be predominantly saproxylic.

### 7. [Comparative clinical outcomes of polymyxin-based versus non-polymyxin regimens as definitive therapy in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-5-comparative-clinical-outcomes-of-polymyxin-based-versus-non-polymyxin-regimens.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Comparative clinical outcomes of polymyxin-based versus non-polymyxin regimens as definitive therapy in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-5-comparative-clinical-outcomes-of-polymyxin-based-versus-non-polymyxin-regimens.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Divya Bhat, Asha K. Rajan, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Muralidhar Varma, Shashikiran Umakanth, Girish Thunga, Vishal Shanbhag Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bacteraemia poses a major therapeutic challenge due to limited effective therapeutic options and high mortality. Although polymyxins remain widely used, emerging evidence suggests that non-polymyxin regimens may offer improved efficacy and safety. This study compared clinical and microbiological outcomes between polymyxin-based therapy (PBT) and non-polymyxin regimens (NPR) in patients with CRKP bloodstream infections (BSI). Methods In this multicentric, retrospective observational study, adult patients (≥18 years) with confirmed CRKP bacteraemia admitted between January 2019 and December 2023 were included. Patients were categorised based on definitive therapy as PBT or NPR. Baseline characteristics, disease severity, and outcomes were compared using appropriate statistical tests. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified by multivariable Cox regression, validated by bootstrap resampling, and assessed through landmark sensitivity analysis excluding early deaths ( Results Of 1,009 patients with K. pneumoniae bacteraemia, 244 patients with CRKP met inclusion criteria (PBT, n = 143; NPR, n = 101).

### 8. [Modelling the impact of mosquito bed net utilization on malaria transmission and evolution of pyrethroid resistance](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-23-modelling-the-impact-of-mosquito-bed-net-utilization-on-malaria-transmission.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Modelling the impact of mosquito bed net utilization on malaria transmission and evolution of pyrethroid resistance](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-23-modelling-the-impact-of-mosquito-bed-net-utilization-on-malaria-transmission.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Ivan Sseguya, Joseph Y. T. Mugisha, Juliet N. Nakakawa, Prashanth Selvaraj, Jonathan Kayondo Long-lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) are central to malaria prevention, but their effectiveness is threatened by the increasing pyrethroid resistance and low bed net utilization in malaria-endemic regions globally. This study formulates a genotype-specific compartmental model accounting for malaria transmission. It incorporates the blocking and insecticidal killing effects of LLINs, and pyrethroid-induced fitness costs, to evaluate the impact of LLIN utilization on malaria and resistance dynamics. Reproductive numbers with and without LLINs were derived, and sensitivity analysis performed. This analysis showed that the utilization of LLINs and their effectiveness against pyrethroid-resistant vectors have the strongest effect in reducing malaria transmission in both Sobol and partial rank correlation coefficient PRCC analyses. The baseline scenario and four LLIN utilization scenarios (standard, three-year, two-year and one-year) were simulated over nine years to track malaria transmission, mosquito population and evolution of resistance. These were assessed, with pyrethroid-only nets deployed in the first two campaigns and pyrethroid piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets deployed in the third campaign.

### 9. [The AHS-R: A holistic thinking measure with expanded theoretical domains and improved score reliability](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-22-the-ahs-r-a-holistic-thinking-measure-with-expanded-theoretical-domains-and.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [The AHS-R: A holistic thinking measure with expanded theoretical domains and improved score reliability](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-22-the-ahs-r-a-holistic-thinking-measure-with-expanded-theoretical-domains-and.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Ezgi Aytürk, Nilüfer Göktaş, Nagihan Özman, Emre Kayatepe, Rüya Su Şencan, S. Adil Sarıbay Analytic and holistic thinking represent distinct cognitive styles. The existing Analysis-Holism Scale (AHS) is the most widely used measure of holistic thinking but has faced psychometric challenges and its validation has been largely restricted to a limited cultural context. The purpose of this study was to develop a refined measurement instrument, the AHS-R (Analysis-Holism Revised Scale), that expands the theoretical representation of the holistic cognition domains by differentiating between the Midway (preference for compromise) and Contradiction (tolerance for contradiction) dimensions and offers improved psychometric properties for use in broader populations. Using Turkish samples, Study 1 ( N = 346) confirmed the feasibility of new items developed to more precisely and reliably represent Midway and Contradiction. Study 2 ( N = 631) applied item response theory (IRT) and hierarchical factor analytic models on the finalized scale with four dimensions (Causality, Midway, Contradiction, and Attention). The original Perception of Change subscale was removed due to its negative factor loading on the higher-order holistic thinking factor.

### 10. [Surgical timing and outcomes after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures: A matched cohort study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-21-surgical-timing-and-outcomes-after-volar-plate-fixation-of-distal-radius.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Surgical timing and outcomes after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures: A matched cohort study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-21-surgical-timing-and-outcomes-after-volar-plate-fixation-of-distal-radius.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Christiane Barthel, Michelle Antonia Hinkelmann, Karina Isenmann, Alexander Pieringer, Jonin Serafin Zumsteg, Hans-Christoph Pape, Florin Allemann Background The impact of surgical timing on outcomes in orthopedic trauma surgery remains controversial. While most evidence derives from hip fractures and other major injuries, data on distal radius fractures is limited. This study aimed to assess whether surgical timing influences operative duration, reduction quality, complication rates, and functional outcome after operative treatment of distal radius fractures. Methods This single-center, retrospective study included patients aged ≥ 16 years who underwent surgical treatment for distal radius fractures at our hospital between 01.01.2016 and 31.12.2024. Patients without postoperative radiographic follow-up, those treated conservatively, or those managed by other departments were excluded. Patients were grouped according to surgical timing into regular-hours surgery (08:00–16:00) and out-of-hours service. A 1:1 matched cohort analysis was performed with criteria being AO/OTA fracture classification and propensity scoring for age and sex. Analyses were stratified by AO/OTA fracture type (A, B, and C). Outcomes included operative time, radiographic reduction quality, complication rates, and functional outcome assessed by postoperative range of motion.

### 11. [Reliability and validity of the individual GPS game data–based maximal acceleration–initial running speed regression line in youth elite soccer players](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-20-reliability-and-validity-of-the-individual-gps-game-data-based-maximal.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Reliability and validity of the individual GPS game data–based maximal acceleration–initial running speed regression line in youth elite soccer players](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-20-reliability-and-validity-of-the-individual-gps-game-data-based-maximal.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Pascal Andrey, Karin Fischer-Sonderegger, Wolfgang Taube, Markus Tschopp Modern load monitoring in soccer increasingly employs relative individualized acceleration intensity thresholds derived from individual maximal acceleration–initial running speed (a max –v init ) regression lines. This study examined the reliability and validity of soccer players’ individual a max –v init regression lines determined solely from game locomotion data. Using a GPS-based tracking system, we prospectively collected game locomotion data from 159 male youth elite soccer players over one season and repeatedly determined their a max –v init regression lines using a recently introduced game data–based method. To examine the influence of data volume, regression lines were determined using different numbers of consecutive games. As a criterion measure, the a max –v init regression line was determined using an acceleration test in 55 athletes. Reliability was assessed via the typical error (TE) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and validity via the typical error of the estimate (TEE) and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The magnitude of errors and correlation coefficients was assessed using standardization and published thresholds, respectively.

### 12. [Theory-based predictors of prescribing behaviour for neurodegenerative diseases: A cross-sectional survey with European healthcare professionals](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-19-theory-based-predictors-of-prescribing-behaviour-for-neurodegenerative-diseases.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Theory-based predictors of prescribing behaviour for neurodegenerative diseases: A cross-sectional survey with European healthcare professionals](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-19-theory-based-predictors-of-prescribing-behaviour-for-neurodegenerative-diseases.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Emma Begley, Jason Michael Thomas, William Hind, Carl Senior Objectives Explore the likelihood of healthcare professionals (HCPs) prescribing a new, novel or different to usual medication to patients with a newly diagnosed early onset or advanced stage neurodegenerative disease (ND), and identification of the theoretical behavioural determinants that underpin these predictors. Design A quantitative cross-sectional study using a newly developed survey underpinned by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was delivered online between September 2023 and March 2024. Setting All levels of healthcare where medication is prescribed for NDs across Austria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Participants Recruited predominately via a participation panel, HCPs who have prescribed medication for a ND in the past 2 years were eligible to take part, with 279 participants (66% male) completing the study in full. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was HCPs’ likelihood of prescribing a new, novel or different to usual medication compared with their routine choice for patients with a newly diagnosed early onset or advanced stage ND.

### 13. [Predicting ankylosing spondylitis disease activity via patient-reported outcome measures: Building prediction models based on machine learning](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-18-predicting-ankylosing-spondylitis-disease-activity-via-patient-reported-outcome.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Predicting ankylosing spondylitis disease activity via patient-reported outcome measures: Building prediction models based on machine learning](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-18-predicting-ankylosing-spondylitis-disease-activity-via-patient-reported-outcome.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Yifan Gong, Aomei Liu, Li Zhuo, Xueyuan Xu, Hongxiao Liu Objective Disease activity is a critical indicator for monitoring the progression of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), guiding clinical decision-making, and informing treatment plans. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have gained prominence in AS clinical management. However, their potential to predict Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) remains unexplored. This study employs machine learning (ML) techniques to develop prediction models utilizing PROMs data to estimate disease activity in patients with AS. Methods We utilized data from 389 patients with AS were included sourced from the China Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry of Patients with Chinese Medicine (CERTAIN) from March 2022 to March 2024. This dataset was divided into a training set (80%) and a testing set (20%). A total of 34 variables, including clinician-recorded features and PROMs (e.g., BASDAI, BASFI, BASMI, PGA, VAS, ASAS-HI, FACIT-F, DASS-21), were employed for feature selection and assessment of feature significance using a variety of machine learning methods.

### 14. [Mapping factors associated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children: A scoping review protocol](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-17-mapping-factors-associated-with-emotional-and-behavioral-problems-among.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Mapping factors associated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children: A scoping review protocol](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-17-mapping-factors-associated-with-emotional-and-behavioral-problems-among.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Esme Anggeriyane, Siti Yuyun Rahayu Fitri, Meita Dhamayanti, Windy Rakhmawati, Bella Mardya Emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children are increasingly regarded as a major public health concern, particularly as early life challenges can lead to long-lasting difficulties in later childhood and adulthood. Although numerous studies have examined the factors associated with EBPs, the evidence remains fragmented across disciplines, study designs, and measurement approaches, limiting a coherent understanding. This scoping review aims to systematically map and synthesize factors associated with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. This scoping review will follow the methodological framework proposed by Peters (2020), in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance, and documented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A systematic search will be undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), the Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCOhost (via MEDLINE and CINAHL) for studies published from 2000 onwards. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies, with no language restrictions, will be included.

### 15. [Binding Affinity Ranking at the Molecular Initiating Event (BARMIE): An open-source computational pipeline for the rapid screening of chemical interactions with steroid receptors from many species](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-15-binding-affinity-ranking-at-the-molecular-initiating-event-barmie-an-open.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Binding Affinity Ranking at the Molecular Initiating Event (BARMIE): An open-source computational pipeline for the rapid screening of chemical interactions with steroid receptors from many species](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-15-binding-affinity-ranking-at-the-molecular-initiating-event-barmie-an-open.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Fernando Calahorro, Parsa Fouladi, Alessandro Pandini, Matloob Khushi, Yogendra Gaihre, Nic R. Bury A challenge in ecological risk assessment is identifying the chemicals that pose the greatest threat and determining which species are most vulnerable to them. To help address this, this study has developed an in-silico open-source tool called BARMIE (Binding Affinity Ranking at the Molecular Initiating Event) to rapidly predict the chemical binding affinity of steroid receptor proteins to synthetic steroids to identify potentially vulnerable species and chemicals of concern. BARMIE was used to screen 163 teleost fish glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) for binding to the natural ligand cortisol and to 10 synthetic glucocorticoid drugs (GCs) designed to interact within the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of GRs. BARMIE identified species from the superorder Protacanthopterygii with high-affinity GRs to synthetic GCs (e.g., vulnerable species).. BARMIE was also used to screen binding profiles of compounds in the Medicine for Malaria Venture Global Health Priority Box to rainbow trout GRs (rtGR1 and rtGR2). Of the 178 compounds, 24 and 36 bind within the LBP of rtGR1 and rtGR2, respectively.

### 16. [Examining the feasibility and preliminary effects of resistance exercise training and creatine supplementation in individuals treated for colorectal cancer](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-14-examining-the-feasibility-and-preliminary-effects-of-resistance-exercise.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Examining the feasibility and preliminary effects of resistance exercise training and creatine supplementation in individuals treated for colorectal cancer](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-14-examining-the-feasibility-and-preliminary-effects-of-resistance-exercise.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Ciaran M. Fairman, Alex M. Brooks, Darren G. Candow, Kylah E. Jackson, Genevieve Bottone, Brett Scott, Kenneth S. Anderson, Katie R. Hirsch, Thomas D. Cardaci, Brandon N. VanderVeen, Christine E. Blake, Tiejun Zhang, Jiajia Zhang, E. Angela Murphy Purpose The purpose of this trial was to assess the feasibility, acceptability and safety of a 10-week hybrid (in-clinic and virtual) resistance exercise training RET program with or without CrM in individuals treated for colorectal cancer. Methods Twenty-seven participants were randomized to RET plus 5 grams/day of CrM (EXSUPP; n = 13) or 5 grams/day corn-starch maltodextrin placebo (EXPLA; n = 14). RET was performed three times per week. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment, retention and fidelity (percentage of prescribed RET and supplementation completed). Acceptability was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, and safety was monitored through adverse event reporting. Secondary outcomes (body composition, muscular strength, physical function) were assessed pre- and post-intervention using baseline-adjusted ANCOVA models and focus group interviews. Results Registry-based recruitment identified 1378 potentially eligible individuals and 27 of 410 assessed (6.6%) enrolled, highlighting recruitment challenges.

### 17. [Sodium butyrate induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in liver cancer via ATF4/SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-13-sodium-butyrate-induces-mitochondrial-pathway-apoptosis-in-liver-cancer-via.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Sodium butyrate induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in liver cancer via ATF4/SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-13-sodium-butyrate-induces-mitochondrial-pathway-apoptosis-in-liver-cancer-via.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Xiaolan Meng, Yubin Li, Miao He, Chen Wang, Haoran Shengsong, Jiacheng Guo, Jiayu Zhang, Shuang Zhao, Yulei Zhu, Bowen Li, Yuqiang Li, Hongzhi Sun Liver cancer, a prevalent and aggressive malignancy globally, is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Butyrate, a metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota, is capable of restricting cancer initiation and progression. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects on liver cancer remain poorly understood. This study utilized a CCK-8 cytotoxicity assay to demonstrate that sodium butyrate (NaB) suppresses liver cancer cell proliferation through ferroptosis and apoptosis. The involvement of ATF4/SLC7A11 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction in NaB-induced ferroptosis and apoptosis was further investigated. Results revealed a decrease in ATF4 and SLC7A11 expression, an elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a reduction in glutathione (GSH) in NaB-treated liver cancer cells. These ferroptosis-related alterations could be reversed by an ATF4 activator. Additionally, NaB-treated liver cancer cells presented a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, and mitochondrial damage.

### 18. [An explainable artificial intelligence framework for clinical decision support in stroke discharge planning](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-12-an-explainable-artificial-intelligence-framework-for-clinical-decision-support.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [An explainable artificial intelligence framework for clinical decision support in stroke discharge planning](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-12-an-explainable-artificial-intelligence-framework-for-clinical-decision-support.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Seifollah Gholampour, Arshia Dehghan, Evelyn B. Voura, Jesse Huang, Mohammad Jamshidi, George W. Koutsouras Background Stroke, a leading cause of global mortality and disability, requires accurate prediction of discharge outcomes to support early care planning. We developed an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) framework to predict four discharge categories (home, specialized care, home with help, expired) and identify key predictors. Methods This single-center retrospective study included 1,731 patients with ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Twenty routinely available electronic health record variables were used. Ten classifiers were compared using stratified 5-fold cross-validation, and the final model was calibrated with training-set out-of-fold predictions and interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results The multilayer perceptron (MLP) achieved the highest mean cross-validated macro-F1 score and was selected as the best-performing model. On the independent hold-out test set, the MLP achieved an accuracy of 0.646, macro-specificity of 0.873, macro-precision of 0.559, macro-sensitivity of 0.557, and macro-F1 of 0.548.

### 19. [Comprehensive evaluation of an emergency monovalent SAT1 foot-and-mouth-disease vaccine: Antigen quality, product consistency, and protective efficacy](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-11-comprehensive-evaluation-of-an-emergency-monovalent-sat1-foot-and-mouth-disease.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Comprehensive evaluation of an emergency monovalent SAT1 foot-and-mouth-disease vaccine: Antigen quality, product consistency, and protective efficacy](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-11-comprehensive-evaluation-of-an-emergency-monovalent-sat1-foot-and-mouth-disease.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Mohamed Samy Abousenna, Nermeen G. Shafik, Sara E.A. El Sawy, Amal Abd El Moneim Mohamed, Heba A. Khafagy, Ehab El-Sayed Ibrahim, Wael Elfeil, Mohamed Ahmed Saad, Samir A. Nassif Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains endemic in Egypt, with periodic incursions of antigenically distinct virus lineages. In 2025, FMDV serotype SAT1/topotype I was detected in Egypt for the first time, creating an immunity gap in a livestock population previously vaccinated against serotypes O, A, and SAT2. This study aimed to evaluate the quality, immunogenicity, antigenic relationships, and protective efficacy of an emergency inactivated monovalent SAT1 vaccine and to assess potential cross-reactivity with SAT2 vaccine strains. An inactivated SAT1 monovalent vaccine was produced under emergency conditions and subjected to in-process and final product quality control testing, including sterility, safety, RT-qPCR verification, and 146S antigen quantification. Neutralizing antibody responses were measured by virus neutralization test (VNT) at 28 days post-vaccination. Antigenic relationships between SAT1 and SAT2 strains were assessed using r₁-value analysis. Protective efficacy was evaluated by homologous challenge in vaccinated calves.

### 20. [Vicia faba -PGPB association improves soil health as a sustainable strategy to remediate moderately Pb and Cd contaminated soils](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-10-vicia-faba-pgpb-association-improves-soil-health-as-a-sustainable-strategy-to.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Vicia faba -PGPB association improves soil health as a sustainable strategy to remediate moderately Pb and Cd contaminated soils](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-10-vicia-faba-pgpb-association-improves-soil-health-as-a-sustainable-strategy-to.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Omar Saadani, Souhir Abdelkrim, Wael Taamalli, Imen Challougui Fatnassi, Khedhiri Mannai, Moez Jebara, Salwa Harzalli Jebara Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly strategy for heavy metal bioremediation. This study focuses on assessing the potential of faba bean- plant growth promoting bacteria symbiosis in phytoremediation and soil fertility improvement of HMs contaminated soils. Vicia faba L. var. minor Saber 02 was inoculated with a consortium of three efficient and HMs resistant PGPB ( Rhizobium sp. CCNWSX0481, R. leguminosarum bv. viciae and Pseudomonas sp.) and cultivated in soil treated with Cd and Pb to establish three contamination levels: uncontaminated (S1), moderately contaminated (S2; 2 mg kg -1 Cd and 100 mg kg -1 Pb), and highly contaminated (S3; 4 mg kg -1 Cd and 200 mg kg -1 Pb). Bacterial inoculation enhanced plant growth and metal uptake, most significantly in the moderately contaminated soil (S2). An increase in shoot dry weight and nodule dry weight was observed after bacterial inoculation mostly in the moderately contaminated soil S2.

### 21. [Association of mainly vegetarian and vegan diets with loneliness, social isolation and social withdrawal in a German population survey](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-1-association-of-mainly-vegetarian-and-vegan-diets-with-loneliness-social.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Association of mainly vegetarian and vegan diets with loneliness, social isolation and social withdrawal in a German population survey](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-1-association-of-mainly-vegetarian-and-vegan-diets-with-loneliness-social.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by André Hajek, Razak M. Gyasi, Supa Pengpid, Karl Peltzer, Karel Kostev, Pinar Soysal, Ashwin Kotwal, Lee Smith, Dong Keon Yon, Hans-Helmut König Aim There is a very limited number of studies examining how diet is associated with social factors. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the association between type of diet and loneliness, social isolation and social withdrawal. Methods Cross-sectional data from the general adult population in Germany were used. The sample included 5,000 individuals aged 18–74 years. To quantify loneliness, the De Jong Gierveld tool was used. Social isolation was measured using the Lubben Social Network Scale and Bude/Lantermann tool. Social withdrawal was operationalized using the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire. Three types of diet were considered (mainly vegetarian; mainly vegan; neither vegetarian nor vegan, reflecting an omnivorous diet). The analysis was adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, health-related and mental health-related covariates in multiple linear regressions. Results Overall, 15.4% of the individuals reported following a mainly vegetarian diet and 3.5% of the individuals surveyed followed a mainly vegan diet, with the remaining participants (81.1%) following an omnivorous diet.

### 22. [The sensory gene repertoire of deep-sea hydrothermal shrimp](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-0-the-sensory-gene-repertoire-of-deep-sea-hydrothermal-shrimp.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [The sensory gene repertoire of deep-sea hydrothermal shrimp](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-0-the-sensory-gene-repertoire-of-deep-sea-hydrothermal-shrimp.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Thomas Chertemps, Nicolas Montagné, Adrien Mathou, Nelly Léger, Magali Zbinden, Juliette Ravaux Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are among the most extreme and geochemically dynamic environments on Earth, characterized by steep gradients in temperature and chemical concentration. Alvinocaridid shrimp dominate the macrofaunal biomass at these sites and rely on their sensory systems to navigate these dark habitats. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of sensory gene repertoires associated with chemical and thermal detection in four deep-sea shrimp species occupying different ecological niches at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Rimicaris exoculata , Rimicaris chacei , Mirocaris fortunata , and Alvinocaris markensis . Through de novo transcriptome assembly of sensory organs, we identified a great expansion of the variant Ionotropic Receptor (IR) family. Notably, we annotated 442 candidate IR transcripts in R. exoculata , the largest repertoire documented in any decapod crustacean. This expansion is primarily driven by the IR40a clade, suggesting adaptive radiation centred on the detection of the complex chemical waterscape of vents.

### 23. [Studying vanishing dietary diversity before it is lost: the World Diet Initiative](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-3-studying-vanishing-dietary-diversity-before-it-is-lost-the-world-diet-initiative.md)
- **Source:** Nature Medicine | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Studying vanishing dietary diversity before it is lost: the World Diet Initiative](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-3-studying-vanishing-dietary-diversity-before-it-is-lost-the-world-diet-initiative.md)

> **Executive GIST:** Heritage diets are disappearing as food systems homogenize; their effects on immunity, metabolism and host–microbiome biology remain poorly understood. The World Diet Initiative offers a framework to document heritage diets and investigate their effects before they are lost. Spinosa, J. P., Lee, D. C., Duraj, T. & Seyfried, T. N. Nutr. Metab. 22 , 123 (2025). Jones, J. P. H., Abdullah, M. M. H., Wood, D. & Jones, P. J. H. Food Nutr. Res . 63 , (2019). This Comment was enabled in part by collaboration within the Africa–Europe Cluster of Research Excellence “Translational Research in Infection, Immunity and Inflammation” (Tri-I), led by the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) and The Guild of European Research-intensive Universities. The authors also acknowledge funding from ZonMw (the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development) for the TransMic and TransInf studies (grant 5290162210003), which informed the development of the scientific rationale for the World Diet Initiative.

### 24. [Multi-omics maps human–pig interactions in extracorporeal liver cross-circulation](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-1-multi-omics-maps-human-pig-interactions-in-extracorporeal-liver-cross.md)
- **Source:** Nature Medicine | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Multi-omics maps human–pig interactions in extracorporeal liver cross-circulation](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/nature-1-multi-omics-maps-human-pig-interactions-in-extracorporeal-liver-cross.md)

> **Executive GIST:** Spatial and circulating multi-omics of pig-to-human extracorporeal liver cross-circulation reveals an early innate immune response, species-specific complement dynamics and xenograft–platelet interactions, while showing preserved metabolic support even after removal of the native liver. Von Willebrand factor, endothelium, hepatocytes, and resident and infiltrating immune cells were implicated in xenograft-associated thrombocytopenia. Shaked, A. et al. Extracorporeal liver cross-circulation using transgenic xenogeneic pig livers with brain-dead human decedents. Nat. Med. 32 , 1034–1044 (2026). This paper reports the clinical procedures and primary findings from the five ELC experiments included in the present study. Schmauch, E. et al. Multi-omics analysis of a pig-to-human decedent kidney xenotransplant. Nature 650 , 205–217 (2026). This paper reports the multi-omics analysis of a pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation procedure; the methodological framework used in the present study was partly inspired by this work. Tao, K.-S. et al. Gene-modified pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation. Nature 641 , 1029–1036 (2025). This paper describes the first reported pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation performed in a human decedent recipient. Zhang, W. et al. Genetically engineered pig-to-human liver xenotransplantation. J. Hepatol. 84 , 587–598 (2026).

### 25. [Facing Funding Losses, States Call Out Big Businesses With Employees on Medicaid](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/kff-health-news-0-facing-funding-losses-states-call-out-big-businesses-with-employees-on-medicaid.md)
- **Source:** KFF Health News | **Published:** 2026-07-15
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Facing Funding Losses, States Call Out Big Businesses With Employees on Medicaid](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/kff-health-news-0-facing-funding-losses-states-call-out-big-businesses-with-employees-on-medicaid.md)

> **Executive GIST:** As the Trump administration’s January deadline looms for states to enforce new Medicaid work requirements, some state lawmakers are turning the tables by pushing to publicly name the largest companies that have employees enrolled in the government program covering low-income and disabled people. California lawmakers seek to revive an expired law that would require the state to identify companies that employ 100 or more people and have employees enrolled in Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program. Nevada has had a similar law in place since 2017, though a proposal for one in Oregon stalled when its legislative session ended in March. The California bill author, Democratic state Sen. Lola Smallwood-Cuevas, said she is deeply troubled by what is going to happen when work requirements kick in. According to the state, nearly 5 million out of more than 14 million residents on Medi-Cal will be subject to the rule. “We think this is a bill that’s about fairness,” Smallwood-Cuevas said.

### 26. [STAT+: Akero team, backed by Fairmount, launches new immunology company](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-1-stat-akero-team-backed-by-fairmount-launches-new-immunology-company.md)
- **Source:** STAT News | **Published:** 2026-07-14
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [STAT+: Akero team, backed by Fairmount, launches new immunology company](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/stat-news-1-stat-akero-team-backed-by-fairmount-launches-new-immunology-company.md)

> **Executive GIST:** Want to stay on top of the science and politics driving biotech today?  Sign up  to get our biotech newsletter in your inbox. The need-to-know this morning AstraZeneca  is  spending $600 million  upfront to pick up global rights for the lung cancer drug Zegfrovy from the Chinese firm  Dizal Pharmaceutical Co.  The drug, an EGFR inhibitor, is approved in the U.S. and China for patients with a type of advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that has certain mutations, and is under review by regulatory agencies as a first-line therapy. AstraZeneca said the drug fit with its other products for EGFR-mutated lung cancer.

### 27. [Just 12 weeks of intermittent fasting may help sustain weight loss a year later: study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-just-12-weeks-of-intermittent-fasting-may-help-sustain-weight-loss-a-year-later.md)
- **Source:** Medical News Today | **Published:** 2026-07-14
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Just 12 weeks of intermittent fasting may help sustain weight loss a year later: study](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medical-news-today-0-just-12-weeks-of-intermittent-fasting-may-help-sustain-weight-loss-a-year-later.md)

> **Executive GIST:** Research is ongoing on how what people eat and when they eat it affects weight loss and other aspects of health. A recent study published in Clinical Nutrition examined the effects of certain intermittent fasting methods on weight loss 1 year later. This research explored eating within an 8-hour window, with that window starting at varying times. The results showed that just 12 weeks of time-restricted eating helped maintain long-term weight loss. However, some participants also lost non-fat mass, raising concerns about health risks. The authors of this study note that keeping weight off after losing it can be difficult, so it’s critical to discover methods that support sustained weight loss. Time-restricted eating is a type of intermittent fasting in which people can eat what they want, but only within a specific time window of less than 10 hours. The researchers wanted to see how time-restricted eating impacted weight loss in the long term. They did a secondary analysis of a randomized trial, focusing on a subsample of 99 participants.

### 28. [Sociocultural factors influencing alcohol use among Korean immigrant women: A scoping review](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-sociocultural-factors-influencing-alcohol-use-among-korean-immigrant-women-a.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-14
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Sociocultural factors influencing alcohol use among Korean immigrant women: A scoping review](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-9-sociocultural-factors-influencing-alcohol-use-among-korean-immigrant-women-a.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Catherine Kim, Michael Butac, Hyoun S. Kim, Rosanra Yoon, Josephine Pui-Hing Wong Background Although studies of alcohol use have explored the experiences of various ethnocultural communities in diverse countries such as Canada, there is a noticeable gap in primary research concerning the experiences of Korean immigrant women. With alcohol consumption rising among women relative to men in recent decades, a critical understanding of existing knowledge on alcohol use through the lenses of culture and gender is essential. Research Question What is the current state of evidence on alcohol use among Korean immigrant women? Methods This scoping review was conducted using the five-stage framework adapted from Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and extended by Levac et al. (2010), with reporting guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute PRISMA-ScR framework. Inclusion criteria comprised primary studies focused on both Korean immigrant women and alcohol use, from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, restricted to adult ages and English-language publications. Inductive thematic analysis as outlined by Gottlieb et al. (2021) was employed to extract themes from the included articles.

### 29. [Bone physiological adaptations to whole-body vibration in mouse models: A Systematic Review](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-8-bone-physiological-adaptations-to-whole-body-vibration-in-mouse-models-a.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-14
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Bone physiological adaptations to whole-body vibration in mouse models: A Systematic Review](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-8-bone-physiological-adaptations-to-whole-body-vibration-in-mouse-models-a.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Roberto Bonanni, Ida Cariati, Lucio Caprioli, Cristian Romagnoli, Angela Falvino, Saeid Edriss, Pierangelo Cifelli, Giovanna D’Arcangelo, Elvira Padua, Virginia Tancredi, Giuseppe Annino Whole-body vibration (WBV) is known to mechanically stimulate bone tissue, modulating its turnover and microarchitecture. Our systematic review aimed to collect the available evidence on the effects of WBV in mouse models, comparing the different experimental protocols and results obtained. A systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Experimental studies investigating the effects of WBV on healthy mice of different age groups, models of osteoporosis or fracture healing, and other models of bone loss were included. Methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE’s RoB tool to analyze the reliability of the results and the risk of bias and the adapted GRADE approach to determine the overall level of certainty of the evidence. Twenty-nine studies were included, of which 10 were on healthy mice, 9 on osteoporotic or fracture healing models, and 10 on other models of bone loss.

### 30. [Artificial intelligence meets pediatric orthopedics: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.0, and Claude 3.5 in detecting supracondylar humeral fractures](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-7-artificial-intelligence-meets-pediatric-orthopedics-a-comparative-analysis-of.md)
- **Source:** PLOS ONE (Medicine) | **Published:** 2026-07-14
- **Detail Markdown URL:** [Artificial intelligence meets pediatric orthopedics: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.0, and Claude 3.5 in detecting supracondylar humeral fractures](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/plos-one-7-artificial-intelligence-meets-pediatric-orthopedics-a-comparative-analysis-of.md)

> **Executive GIST:** by Utku Murat Kalafat, Hüseyin Mutlu, Ramiz Yazıcı, Murat Genç, Bensu Bulut, Medine Akkan Öz, Ayşenur Gür, Mehmet Yortanlı, Uğur Şakar Background Supracondylar humeral fractures constitute 10–16% of pediatric skeletal injuries, requiring timely diagnosis to prevent neurovascular complications. Developmental variations in pediatric bone structures pose diagnostic challenges for clinicians. This study evaluated three next-generation large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.0, Claude 3.5) for detecting pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures and their classification according to the Gartland system. Methods This retrospective observational study included 300 pediatric patients (150 with supracondylar humeral fractures confirmed by expert consensus, 150 without fractures) aged 2–10 years presenting to the Emergency Department of the Bilkent City Hospital (October 2022-January 2025). Two-view elbow radiographs were presented to each LLM three times on different days. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using overall accuracy (all three responses correct), strict accuracy (≥2 correct responses), and ideal accuracy (≥1 correct response). Response consistency was assessed using Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. Fractures were classified according to modified Gartland criteria.

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