---
title: "Elbow pigmented villonodular synovitis with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: case report and lit"
id: "pubmed-42880931"
canonical_url: "https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42880931"
content_type: "clinical_feed_article"
specialty: "Rheumatology"
source_name: "PubMed / NCBI"
source_url: "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/"
published_at: "2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z"
evidence_level: "Journal Article"
license: "CC-BY-NC-4.0 / Informational Use"
---
# Elbow pigmented villonodular synovitis with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: case report and lit
## Provenance & Clinical Metadata
- **Canonical URL:** https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/pubmed-42880931
- **Specialty:** [Rheumatology](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/rheumatology.md)
- **Primary Source:** PubMed / NCBI
- **Source URL:** [Original Journal Publication](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/)
- **Published At:** 2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z
- **Evidence Rating:** Journal Article
## Executive GIST (TL;DR)
- A 72-year-old woman had recurrent **pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)** of the elbow with surgical confirmation in 2002 and 2007; later she developed polyarticular symptoms attributed to inflammatory arthritis. - From 2021 the patient had recurring bilateral knee pain and swelling; urgent labs in June 2023 showed markedly elevated inflammatory markers, anemia, and thrombocytosis (CRP 175.3 mg/L, ESR 116 mm/h, Hb 83 g/L, platelets 537×10^9/L). - Serologic testing was repeatedly negative for rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP as well as anti-keratin and anti-perinuclear factors; clinicians therefore classified her as **seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA)** combined with prior PVNS. - Right knee MRI demonstrated severe degenerative change, suprapatellar bursitis with large effusion, and ligamentous injury; right knee arthroplasty revealed no nodular synovial masses intraoperatively. - Histopathology from the right knee synovium after arthroplasty showed dense chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate, small-vessel proliferation, and fibrinoid necrosis consistent with rheumatoid arthritis rather than PVNS. - By April 2024 the patient developed symmetric involvement of wrists and additional joints; ultrasound showed synovial proliferation with high vascularity and bone erosions in multiple joints. - Treatment initiated: intravenous **tocilizumab** 400 mg monthly plus **methotrexate** 10 mg weekly. After three months CRP fell to 0.73 mg/L and ESR to 6 mm/h. - Literature search across Wanfang, CNKI, and PubMed identified four prior published cases of coexisting RA and PVNS; combining those reports with this case yields five cases (4 female, 1 male), knee most commonly involved (4/5), median PVNS onset age 45 years (IQR reported in source). - Temporal relationships varied: PVNS preceded RA in two cases, RA preceded PVNS in two cases, and one case had simultaneous onset; four of five prior cases were seropositive for RF/anti-CCP, making this report the only seronegative instance among the five. - All five patients underwent synovectomy; postoperative recurrence occurred in two cases. The authors concluded that distinguishing PVNS from RA requires synovial histopathology, MRI, and synovial fluid analysis, and that early recognition and immunotherapy can improve outcomes. - The source did not report detailed dosing adjustments, long-term functional outcomes beyond three months of therapy, or molecular studies linking PVNS and RA in this patient.
## Clinical Analysis & Structured Key Points
Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. [ Skip to main page content ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#article-details) ![U.S. flag](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png) An official website of the United States government Here's how you know ![Dot gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg) **The .gov means it’s official.** Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. ![Https](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg) **The site is secure.** The **https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. [ ![NIH NLM Logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg) ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Log in](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42880931%2F) Show account info Close #### Account Logged in as: **username** * [Dashboard](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) * [Publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/bibliography/) * [Account settings](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/) * [Log out](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) [Access keys](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys) [NCBI Homepage](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) [MyNCBI Homepage](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/) [Main Content](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#maincontent) [Main Navigation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) [ ![pubmed logo](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/a447896c-976f-490b-b86b-2668b65114a8/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg) ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [ ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/ "Show search bar") Search: [](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/ "Clear search input")Search [Advanced](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/advanced/) [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clipboard/) [ User Guide ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/help/) Save Email Send to * [ Clipboard ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42880931%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42880931%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ## Save citation to file Format: Summary (text) PubMed PMID Abstract (text) CSV Create file Cancel ## Email citation Email address has not been verified. Go to [ My NCBI account settings ](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/settings/) to confirm your email and then refresh this page. To: Subject: Body: Format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MeSH and other data Send email Cancel ### Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) Add Cancel ### Add to My Bibliography * My Bibliography Unable to load your delegates due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) Add Cancel ## Your saved search Name of saved search: Search terms: [Test search terms](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) Would you like email updates of new search results? Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons * Yes * No Email: ([change](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/)) Frequency: Monthly Weekly Daily Which day? The first Sunday The first Monday The first Tuesday The first Wednesday The first Thursday The first Friday The first Saturday The first day The first weekday Which day? Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Report format: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) PubMed Send at most: 1 item 5 items 10 items 20 items 50 items 100 items 200 items Send even when there aren't any new results Optional text in email: Save Cancel ## Create a file for external citation management software Create file Cancel ## Your RSS Feed Name of RSS Feed: Number of items displayed: 5 10 15 20 50 100 Create RSS Cancel RSS Link Copy ### Full text links [![Journal of Peking University \(Health Sciences\) full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--xuebao.bjmu.edu.cn-images-icon.jpg) Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ](http://xuebao.bjmu.edu.cn/EN/Y2026/V58/I5/1076 "See full text options at Journal of Peking University \(Health Sciences\)") [ Full text links ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) ### Actions Cite Collections Add to Collections * Create a new collection * Add to an existing collection Name your collection: Name must be less than 100 characters Choose a collection: Unable to load your collection due to an error [Please try again](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) Add Cancel Permalink Permalink Copy Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID ### Experimental Resource Linked Discoveries ### Page navigation * [ Title & authors ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#heading) * [ Abstract ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#abstract) * [ Publication types ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#publication-types) * [ MeSH terms ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#mesh-terms) * [ LinkOut - more resources ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#linkout) Title & authors Abstract Publication types MeSH terms LinkOut - more resources Review Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Beijing+Da+Xue+Xue+Bao+Yi+Xue+Ban%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Beijing+Da+Xue+Xue+Bao+Yi+Xue+Ban%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) . 2026 Oct 18;58(5):1076-1080. # [Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis combined with elbow pigmented villonodular synovitis: A case report] [Article in Chinese] [Ruohan Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+R&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China."), [Jing Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+J&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China."), [Qian Guo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Guo+Q&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China."), [Shengguang Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#full-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China.") Affiliations Expand ### Affiliation * 1 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China. * PMID: **42880931** Free article Item in Clipboard Review # [Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis combined with elbow pigmented villonodular synovitis: A case report] [Article in Chinese] Ruohan Yu et al. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2026. Free article Show details Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Beijing+Da+Xue+Xue+Bao+Yi+Xue+Ban%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in NLM Catalog ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Beijing+Da+Xue+Xue+Bao+Yi+Xue+Ban%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) . 2026 Oct 18;58(5):1076-1080. ### Authors [Ruohan Yu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Yu+R&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China."), [Jing Xu](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Xu+J&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China."), [Qian Guo](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Guo+Q&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China."), [Shengguang Li](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Li+S&cauthor_id=42880931)[ 1 ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/#short-view-affiliation-1 "Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China.") ### Affiliation * 1 Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China. * PMID: **42880931** Item in Clipboard Full text links Cite Display options Display options Format Abstract PubMed PMID Linked Discoveries ## Abstract We report a case of elbow pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) combined with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA) and review relevant literature to summarize the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of this comorbidity. The patient was a 72-year-old female. She developed swelling and pain of the right elbow in 2002, and underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative histopathology confirmed PVNS. In 2007, she developed swelling and pain in the left elbow and underwent synovectomy, and synovectomy again yielded pathology consistent with PVNS. From 2021 onwards, she experienced recurrent bilateral knee pain and swelling. In June 2023, laboratory tests revealed markedly elevated inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP) 175.3 mg/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 116 mm/h, hemoglobin 83 g/L, and platelet count 537×109/L. Rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptideantibody, anti-keratin antibody, and anti-perinuclear factor were all negative. Right knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed severe degenerative changes, suprapatellar bursitis with large effusion, and ligamentous injuries. Given her prior PVNS history and knee MRI findings, right knee replacement was performed; however, intraoperatively no nodular or mass-like synovial proliferation was observed. Postoperative synovial pathology demonstrated massive chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, small vessel proliferation, and fibrinoid necrosis-findings typical of rheumatoid arthritis rather than PVNS. After surgery, the left knee continued to experience recurring pain and swelling. In April 2024, she developed swelling and pain in both wrists and right ankle joints. Ultrasound examinations showed synovial proliferation in the wrists, knees, ankles, and metatarsophalangeal joints, with abundant blood flow signals and bone erosion. The patient was diagnosed as SNRA combined with PVNS. Treatment with tocilizumab 400 mg intravenously monthly plus methotrexate 10 mg weekly was initiated. After three months, CRP decreased to 0.73 mg/L, ESR to 6 mm/h. A literature review using Wanfang, CNKI, and PubMed databases with keywords "rheumatoid arthritis" and "pigmented villonodular synovitis" identified only four previously reported cases of RA combined with PVNS. Including the present case, there were 5 cases (4 females, 1 male), the median age of PVNS onset was 45 (32.5-58.0) years. The knee was the most commonly affected joint (4/5 cases), followed by the elbow. PVNS preceded RA in two cases (by 3 and 12 years), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) preceded PVNS in two cases (by 3 and 15 years), and one case had simultaneous onset. Four of the five patients were seropositive for rheunatoid factor/anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (RF/anti-CCP); only the index case was seronegative. All five patients underwent synovial resection; two (40%) experienced postoperative recurrence. In conclusion, the coexistence of PVNS and SNRA is extremely rare and poses diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical manifestations. Physicians should consider the possibility of RA when a patient with PVNS develops symmetric polyarthritis, and conversely, suspect concomitant PVNS when a patient with RA has persistent monoarticular symptoms uncontrolled by disease-modifying therapy. Synovial fluid analysis, MRI findings, and especially histopathological examination are crucial for differentiation. Early recognition and appropriate immunotherapy can significantly improve prognosis. **Keywords:** Arthritis; Pigmented villonodular synovitis; Rheumatoid arthritis; Seronegative. [PubMed Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) ## Publication types * Case Reports Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Case+Reports%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Case+Reports) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * English Abstract Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22English+Abstract%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=English+Abstract) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Review Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) ## MeSH terms * Aged Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Aged%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Aged) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Arthritis, Rheumatoid* / complications Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Arthritis%2C+Rheumatoid%2Fcomplications%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Arthritis%2C+Rheumatoid) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Elbow Joint* / pathology Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Elbow+Joint%2Fpathology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Elbow+Joint) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Female Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Female%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Female) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Humans Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Humans%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Humans) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Synovectomy Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Synovectomy%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Synovectomy) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular* / complications Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Synovitis%2C+Pigmented+Villonodular%2Fcomplications%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Synovitis%2C+Pigmented+Villonodular) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular* / surgery Actions * [ Search in PubMed ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Synovitis%2C+Pigmented+Villonodular%2Fsurgery%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc) * [ Search in MeSH ](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Synovitis%2C+Pigmented+Villonodular) * [ Add to Search ](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) ## LinkOut - more resources * ### Full Text Sources * [ Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ](http://xuebao.bjmu.edu.cn/EN/Y2026/V58/I5/1076) * ### Medical * [ MedlinePlus Health Information ](https://medlineplus.gov/rheumatoidarthritis.html) * ### Research Materials * [ NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program ](https://antibodies.cancer.gov/detail/CPTC-CRP-1) * ### Miscellaneous * [ NCI CPTAC Assay Portal ](https://assays.cancer.gov/CPTAC-145) **Full text links** [x] [![Journal of Peking University \(Health Sciences\) full text link](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/http:--xuebao.bjmu.edu.cn-images-icon.jpg) Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences) ](http://xuebao.bjmu.edu.cn/EN/Y2026/V58/I5/1076 "See full text options at Journal of Peking University \(Health Sciences\)") [x] Cite Copy Download .nbib .nbib Format: AMA APA MLA NLM **Send To** * [Clipboard](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * [Email](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42880931%2F%23open-email-panel) * [Save](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) * [My Bibliography](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42880931%2F%23open-bibliography-panel) * [Collections](https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F42880931%2F%23open-collections-panel) * [Citation Manager](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42880931/) [x] NCBI Literature Resources [MeSH](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/) [PMC](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/) [Bookshelf](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books) [Disclaimer](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/) The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Follow NCBI [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/ncbi) [ Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm) [ LinkedIn ](https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm) [ GitHub ](https://github.com/ncbi) [ ](https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Connect with NLM](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html) * [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH) * [ SM-Facebook ](https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine) * [ SM-Youtube ](https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH) National Library of Medicine [8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894](https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323) [Web Policies](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html) [FOIA](https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office) [HHS Vulnerability Disclosure](https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html) [Help](https://support.nlm.nih.gov/?pagename=pubmed%3Apubmed%3Aabstract%3ANONE) [Accessibilit
## Related Clinical Research

- [Polymeric IPA Nano-Prodrugs Increase Lymphoid Exposure and Reduce Autoimmune Arthritis Severity](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/biorxiv-5-indole-3-propionic-acid-nano-prodrugs-sustain-increased-lymphoid-exposure-and.md)
- [AI-driven multiomic and neurophysiological profiling of chronic pain in rheumatoid arthritis](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/bmj-open-10-integrative-ai-based-multiomic-and-neurophysiological-profiling-of-chronic-pain.md)
- [Detectability floor limits treatment-response labels in rheumatology transcriptomics](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-0-a-detectability-floor-for-treatment-response-labels-in-rheumatology.md)
- [ZnT8 autoantibodies are common in rheumatoid arthritis and identify synovial lining fibroblasts as](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/medrxiv-12-diabetes-related-antibody-signature-highlights-znt8-as-a-novel-antigenic-target.md)
- [Immuno-metabolic Crosstalk in Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/frontiers-in-immunology-18-immuno-metabolic-crosstalk-in-osteoarthritis-from-mechanisms-to-therapies.md)

## Navigation
- [← Back to Rheumatology Feed](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed/rheumatology.md)
- [← All Clinical Specialties](https://medichelpline.com/clinical-feed.md)
## Medical & Regulatory Disclaimer

> [!CAUTION]
> MedicHelpline content is structured for research, educational, and professional discovery purposes. It does not constitute individual medical advice, clinical diagnosis, or treatment recommendations.
> Always verify dosing, contraindications, and regulatory alerts against official product labeling and primary regulatory sources before clinical decision-making.