Exploring associations between epidemiological risk factors and colorectal cancer in Oman: a case-control study

Objectives To identify risk factors and examine associations between colorectal cancer (CRC) status and modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors among patients diagnosed in Oman, considering the existence and increase of incidence and prevalence of these risk factors. Design A multicentre case - control study.

Setting Sultan Qaboos University Hospital and the Royal Hospital in Muscat, Oman. Participants Patients diagnosed with CRC (n=166) and controls (n=166).

Outcome measures A questionnaire adapted from the Colon Cancer Family Registry and other previously published studies was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, modifiable and non-modifiable CRC risk factors and coexisting morbidities. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between CRC status and independent variables.

Results Multivariable analysis demonstrated significant associations between CRC status and several risk factors. Smoking was associated with a fourfold increased risk of CRC (adjusted OR (aOR): 4.35, 95% CI 2.26 to 8.36).