Objective This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes (KA) towards perioperative pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery, a population at particular risk. Participants 454 patients scheduled for major orthopaedic surgery (Grade III or above) were enrolled between February and September 2024.
Selection criteria included adult patients undergoing eligible procedures, while exclusion criteria encompassed cognitive impairment or refusal to participate. All enrolled participants completed the study.
Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcomes were the total scores on validated knowledge and attitude questionnaires. Secondary outcomes included the identification of demographic factors associated with these scores and the analysis of the direct relationship between knowledge and attitude using structural equation modelling (SEM).
Results The average knowledge score was 52.9% (23.82/45), indicating poor understanding. The average attitude score was 66.4% (29.88/45), indicating a moderate attitude.
The multivariable analysis showed that a college diploma (OR=4.824, 95% CI 2.399 to 9.703, p<0.001) and a bachelor’s degree or above (OR=19.754, 95% CI 6.906 to 56.503, p<0.001) were independently associated with both adequate knowledge and a positive attitude.
BMJ Open published a clinical update in Research Highlights on 14 May 2026.
The item focuses on Knowledge and attitudes towards perioperative pulmonary embolism in major orthopaedic surgery patients: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai.
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