This PubMed record documents an article titled "Validity of influenza vaccine effectiveness calculations using a test-negative design in Thailand" published in American Journal of Epidemiology (Am J Epidemiol) on 2026 Sep 3; volume 195(9):2423–2429. The article has DOI 10.1093/aje/kwag094 and PubMed PMID 42053054. The PubMed entry indicates the article is a free full text and provides a link to the Silverchair Information Systems full-text page.
The article lists multiple authors led by Erica E Zeno. Author affiliations span several organizations: the Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, US CDC; the Thailand Ministry of Public Health–US CDC Collaboration; the Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus; the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health (Thailand); and Nakhon Phanom Provincial Hospital. This indicates a collaborative effort between US CDC investigators and Thai public-health and academic institutions.
Per the article title and PubMed metadata, the study examines the validity of calculations of influenza vaccine effectiveness that use a test-negative design in Thailand. The title identifies the key methodological approach under evaluation (test-negative design) and the geographic setting (Thailand). The PubMed record does not include the abstract text or study findings in the source content supplied here.
The PubMed entry provides the DOI (10.1093/aje/kwag094) and PMID (42053054) to retrieve the article. A full-text link is present and labeled as Silverchair Information Systems; the record indicates the article is available as a free full text. These identifiers and the full-text link are the primary means to access the complete article, including methods, results, and authors’ conclusions.
The provided PubMed page content includes the following elements: article title, author list, institutional affiliations, journal citation (journal name, date, volume, pages), DOI, PMID, and a link to the full text. It also identifies the article as a free article. Administrative page elements such as site navigation, account-related text, and site security indicators appear on the page but are not substantive to the study’s scientific content.
The content supplied from PubMed does not contain the article abstract, methods, numeric data, statistical analyses, VE estimates, sensitivity analyses, bias assessments, or the authors’ conclusions. Because the supplied source body is limited to metadata and page elements, the following critical study details were not reported in the provided material: study period, population sampled, inclusion and exclusion criteria, laboratory testing methods, definition of cases and controls within the test-negative design, sample sizes, vaccine types and timing, analytic approach, measured vaccine effectiveness estimates, confidence intervals, adjustment variables, and any stated limitations or recommendations. Any inference about study findings or validity assessments beyond the article title and metadata would be speculative and cannot be drawn from the supplied source.
The PubMed metadata confirms that a peer-reviewed article addressing the test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness in Thailand has been published and is accessible via DOI and PMID. To evaluate the study’s methods, results, and implications for clinical practice or public-health surveillance, readers must consult the linked full text. The PubMed record alone is insufficient to assess the validity of the authors’ analyses or to extract quantitative vaccine-effectiveness estimates. Researchers, clinicians, or policy makers interested in the study’s evidence should retrieve the full text through the DOI/full-text link for comprehensive review.
Note: The summary above is strictly limited to information present in the supplied PubMed record. Specific study methods, numerical results, and authors’ conclusions were not reported in the provided source content and therefore are not included here.