Case Report: Safety and efficacy of blinatumomab in combination with donor lymphocyte infusion for the prophylaxis of relapse following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological disease in children. Patients with high-risk ALL have a poor prognosis, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is one of the important treatment modalities.

However, post-transplant relapse of the primary disease remains one of the leading causes of treatment failure, seriously affecting the long-term survival of patients. Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) has been shown to have some efficacy in preventing relapse in B-cell ALL after HSCT, while the use of blinatumomab for preventing post-transplant relapse in ALL remains under investigation.

Moreover, the safety and efficacy of the combination regimen for this indication still need to be verified in larger patient cohorts. We herein report a single case of a child with high-risk ALL who received blinatumomab combined with prophylactic DLI to prevent relapse after HSCT, along with a brief review of the relevant literature.Case presentationA 5-year-old boy was diagnosed as ALL, early pro-B, KMT2A::USP2 fusion gene positive.