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Front ImmunolInfectious Disease

CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with structural reorganization of vaccine-induced immune responses in people living with HIV

01 Jun 20264 min read0 viewsJournal Feed

GIST (Key Takeaways)

  • Background. Despite effective antiretroviral therapy and sustained viral suppression, people living with HIV (PLWH) continue to exhibit persistent immune activation and low-grade inflammation. Although the CD4/CD8 ratio is routinely monitored as a marker of immune health, the mechanisms underlying residual immune dysregulation remain incompletely understood.
  • Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PLWH and HC were collected before and one month after two doses of mRNA vaccination and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing with paired TCR profiling. Differential gene expression (DGE) and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed, and node degree distributions were compared among groups.
  • TCR and bulk BCR repertoires were analyzed, and neutralizing antibody responses were assessed. PLWH were stratified by CD4/CD8 ratio. Results.
  • Stratification by CD4/CD8 ratio revealed distinct immune states in PLWH. Differential genes from the normal CD4/CD8 ratios showed focused transcriptional activation with coordinated chemokine-associated communication, whereas those with low CD4/CD8 ratios exhibited broad transcriptional dysregulation and structural reorganization of gene-expression networks. This network signature was characterized by altered PPI topology and significantly increased monocyte-specific node degree, independent of overall transcriptional complexity.

Clinical Editorial

Summary

Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 01 Jun 2026.

The item focuses on CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with structural reorganization of vaccine-induced immune responses in people living with HIV.

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