ImportanceLittle is known about the long-term prognosis of patients with talaromycosis and inborn errors of immunity (IEI).ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of talaromycosis in children with IEI on a 13-year cohort study.Main outcomes and measuresAn observational study was conducted on pediatric patients with talaromycosis at tertiary hospitals in southern China during 2012 to 2024. Data on demographic information, clinical features, immunological characteristics, genetic tests, antifungal treatment, and long-term prognosis were collected for analysis.ResultsAmong the 329 patients with talaromycosis without HIV, children accounted for 7%.
100% children with talaromycosis were diagnosed as IEI, and a total of 18 children were finally enrolled. All children were identified with IEI, including five novel genetic defects (IL7R, LYST, PLCG2, DOCK8, and KRAS deficiency) and five reported genetic defects (STAT1-GOF, IL2RG, CD40L, STAT3-LOF, CARD9 deficiency).
Most children exhibited decreased lymphocytes, NK cells, and immunoglobulin levels. Half of children had been suffered from severe complications, such as sepsis or septic shock, thus had to received advanced life support in ICU.
The median antifungal treatment duration was 16 months (IQR: 0.8-72.5 months).
Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 13 May 2026.
The item focuses on Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of talaromycosis in children with novel and reported inborn errors of immunity.
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