Plasma cell mastitis: a comprehensive review of etiological advances and future directions

08 Jun 20264 min read0 viewsJournal Feed

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Plasma cell mastitis (PCM), a complex and refractory chronic inflammatory-like breast disease, remains a critical global female healthcare challenge.
Over the past decade, although considerable effects have been gained on understanding of the clinical and pathological features of PCM, the exact cause of PCM remains clinically challenging, as the pathogenesis of this disease involves multiple factors.
This narrative review systematically synthesizes current evidence on PCM, mainly focusing on its etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, which aims to unravel the etiological landscape of PCM from ductal microecology to systemic autoimmunity.
We comprehensively demonstrated the etiology of PCM including the anatomical factors, immunological factors, microbial infections, and other factors.

Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 08 Jun 2026.

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Frontiers in Immunology