BackgroundTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis, largely due to its high rates of metastasis and recurrence. Anoikis plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis; however, its role in TNBC remains elusive.MethodsCox regression analysis was performed on anoikis-related genes (ARGs) to develop a prognostic signature.
A clinical nomogram was developed based on the prognostic signatures. Associations of the signature with the immunogenomic landscape and response to targeted therapy and immunotherapy were assessed.
Key prognostic genes were identified using random survival forest analysis. To evaluate Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2) expression and its independent prognostic role, we performed RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
In vitro functional experiments were conducted to assess the effect of CCAR2 on anoikis, migration, invasion, and stemness. Bioinformatics analyses were utilized to evaluate the association between CCAR2 expression and the immunological landscape and immunotherapy response.ResultsA six-gene prognostic signature based on ARGs was constructed, stratifying patients into high- and low-risk groups with a significant difference in overall survival.
The nomogram achieved good calibration and strong discriminatory accuracy.
Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 20 May 2026.
The item focuses on An anoikis-related gene signature predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response, and identifies CCAR2 as a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer.
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