Post-booster longitudinal plasma proteomic changes following BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in Qatar

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic imposed a major global health and economic burden. Although the pandemic was no longer declared a public health emergency of international concern in May 2023, SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, and millions remain affected by long COVID. This raises the question whether continued vaccination provides lasting benefits in preventing viral transmission and severe illness.AimThis longitudinal study assessed the effects of the third BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine dose on the circulating proteome for 6 months.MethodsPlasma levels of 354 unique proteins were quantified before, and at 3- and 6-months post-booster using Olink technology in 70 healthy individuals; 35 infection-naïve and 35 previously infected individuals (18 infected before, 17 after completing the two-dose regimen).ResultsInfection-naïve individuals showed altered levels of eleven and eight proteins at 3- and 6-months post-booster, respectively, including a significant sustained increase in PARP-1 (FC = 1.53, p=8.59x10-5, pFDR=0.01) and significant decrease in MMP-7 (FC = 0.68, p=4.58x10-5, pFDR=0.01), in addition to elevated levels of MMP-1 (FC = 1.46, p=0.04, pFDR>0.05) and decrease in 4E-BP1 (FC = 0.58, p=0.01, pFDR>0.05) at 6 months post-booster.