Monogenic and Polygenic Risk in Common Liver Diseases: Implications for Clinical Care

The burden of chronic liver disease is rapidly increasing worldwide, driven primarily by metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Genetic predisposition contributes substantially to variability in disease onset, progression, and outcomes, and recent advances in genomic discovery have brought polygenic risk scores (PRS) and targeted sequencing closer to clinical relevance.