The content supplied from Frontiers in Immunology consisted solely of website navigation, journal sections, and page metadata. The full narrative review text corresponding to the article titled "Targeting macrophage polarization: mechanisms and potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells therapy in acne treatment— a narrative review" was not included in the provided source.
Because the substantive article body was absent, detailed clinical findings, mechanistic descriptions, summarized studies, tables, figures, and the authors' conclusions were not available for extraction or editorial rewriting from the supplied material.
Clinicians, researchers, and other readers seeking actionable or citable information from this narrative review should note that the current file does not contain the review's content. As a result, this document does not present study results, safety data, treatment protocols, or evidence levels from the review.
Without access to the full text, it is not possible to: cite study outcomes, reproduce mechanistic pathways described by the authors, summarize preclinical or clinical evidence, report on sample sizes or endpoints, or extract any numeric or qualitative conclusions. Any attempt to do so would risk introducing unverified information.
Note: The headings below summarize the types of content typically addressed in reviews with this title. Specific claims, citations, data points, and conclusions from the Frontiers in Immunology article were not present in the supplied source and therefore are not reported here.
Background and rationale for targeting macrophage polarization in acne: reviews with this focus commonly outline how macrophage phenotype dynamics (for example, proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory states) relate to cutaneous inflammation. The supplied source did not report any specific mechanistic descriptions or references.
Biology and therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs): reviews often describe MSC immunomodulatory effects, secreted mediators, and potential for modulating innate immune cells. The supplied material did not include any of the review's text or evidence summaries.
Preclinical and clinical evidence evaluating MSCs in acne models or related inflammatory skin conditions: a narrative review would typically summarize animal, in vitro, and human studies where available. No such study summaries were present in the provided source content.
Proposed mechanisms linking MSC actions to macrophage polarization: authors may discuss signaling pathways, cytokine profiles, or extracellular vesicle–mediated effects. The supplied source did not report any mechanistic detail.
Safety considerations, limitations, and translational challenges: ordinarily a review would cover safety data, methodological heterogeneity, and gaps in knowledge. Those sections were not included in the provided material.
Future directions and clinical implications: the original review likely suggested research priorities or clinical next steps; these were not available in the source provided.
All substantive content of the narrative review was absent from the supplied source. To adhere to accuracy and avoid fabrication, this summary does not assert any study outcomes, numerical results, or clinical recommendations that were not explicitly present in the source material.
Where this document lists expected topics, it does so as a description of common sections found in reviews on this subject matter, not as a summary of the specific Frontiers in Immunology article. Any extraction of data, quotations, or specific conclusions requires direct access to the full article text.
Access the article on the Frontiers in Immunology website using the provided DOI or URL. The supplied source included site navigation and article links but not the article body; visiting the article landing page on the publisher's site should provide the complete manuscript if it is publicly available.
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For clinical interpretation or guideline implementation, read the full text and supplement with primary sources cited within that review. Verify study designs, sample sizes, endpoints, and safety data directly from the cited studies before applying any therapeutic approach.
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Summary note: The supplied source contained only navigation and metadata from Frontiers in Immunology; the narrative review's substantive content was not provided. Specific findings and recommendations from that review were therefore not available for inclusion in this rewrite.