A systematic comparison of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in mouse models and humans reveals that widely used models capture only a limited subset of the cellular diversity and cell type-specific gene expression observed in human TMEs. We present a resource that defines the conserved and divergent features, including shared gene programs, across mouse and human TMEs to guide model selection and improve the translational reliability of immunotherapy studies.
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Conserved pan-cancer microenvironment subtypes predict response to immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 39 , 845–865.e7 (2021).
This paper reports four immune and fibrotic TME subtypes conserved in a broad array of cancers. Combes, A.
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Discovering dominant tumor immune archetypes in a pan-cancer census. Cell 185 , 184–203.e19 (2022).
This paper identifies 12 unique tumor archetypes spanning cancer types. Gavish, A.
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Nature Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 21 May 2026.
The item focuses on Mapping where mouse models match — and miss — human tumor immunity.
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