Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) has transformed the outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, yet its toxicity profile — spanning acute and delayed-onset neurotoxicity, secondary malignancies, immune effector-cell colitis, infections and prolonged cytopenias — has emerged slowly. As safer alternatives become available, the risk–benefit calculus for cilta-cel demands urgent reassessment, particularly in earlier lines of therapy.
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Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology published a clinical update in Oncology on 08 Jun 2026.
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