WHO Five Moments for Medication Safety Among Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia

Instrument content reflected the five moments, with validation steps including expert review and translation using a forward–forward-backward procedure, plus pre-testing for face validity.

• A cross-sectional evaluation of medication safety practices anchored to the WHO Five Moments for Medication Safety, conducted with 473 adult diabetic patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
• Data were gathered via a self-administered, structured questionnaire.

• The highest adherence emerged in the second moment (taking medications), with approximately three-quarters of participants demonstrating strong practice in this domain.
• The lowest adherence was observed in the fifth moment (stopping medications), with about half showing robust practice.
• Overall, two-thirds of respondents were classified as having high medication safety practice according to the study’s scoring framework.

• Multivariate analysis identified three positive associations with higher total medication safety scores: consistent regimen adherence, current use of hypoglycaemic agents or insulin, and controlled HbA1c levels.
• The reported P-value approach suggests these factors were statistically linked to the composite safety outcome, though exact values are not supplied in the abstract.

• The report states general high adherence to the WHO Five Moments within this population but provides limited detail on the magnitude of associations or subgroup variability.
• The abstract does not offer precise numerical results for all moments, nor does it specify effect sizes or confidence intervals.