A correction notice in JAMA Network Open updates an introductory sentence in the Introduction of the Original Investigation “Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents and Development of Cancer Among Patients Receiving Dialysis.” The revised sentence emphasizes that mechanistic studies show ESAs can activate erythropoietin receptors, while clinical evidence for ESA-associated increases in angiogenesis or tumor growth is controversial and based on low-quality literature. It cites references 8–10 (Elliot and Sinclair, Diskin et al, Cao) and notes that large-scale cancer outcome data in kidney failure populations are sparse and inconsistent. The correction indicates that the article has been corrected. The item provides no data on study methods, results, or numerical outcomes beyond the stated context of evidence quality and inconsistency. If precise wording or reference details beyond the described revision are needed, consult the journal’s correction notice for the exact phrasing and reference formatting. The uncertainty noted centers on the quality and conclusiveness of existing evidence rather than new study findings.
In the Original Investigation titled “Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents and Development of Cancer Among Patients Receiving Dialysis,” published February 27, 2026, a wording change is required for the first sentence in the second paragraph of the Introduction citing to Elliot and Sinclair, Diskin et al, and Cao (references 8-10 in the published article). This change emphasizes the low quality of existing evidence and lack of proven causal relationship between erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and tumor progression noted in the Elliot and Sinclair study. The revised material reads as follows: “Mechanistic studies conducted to identify the underlying causes of the disadvantages associated with ESA use have revealed that ESAs can induce the activation of erythropoietin receptors, although the clinical evidence for increased angiogenesis and tumor growth remains controversial and subject to debate due to low-quality evidence in existing literature.8-10 Furthermore, large-scale evidence of cancer outcomes among patients with kidney failure remains sparse and inconsistent.” This article has been corrected.