DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL

Clinical summary

Indications and usage 1 INDICATIONS & USAGE Dehydrated alcohol injection is indicated to induce controlled cardiac septal infarction to improve exercise capacity in adults with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who are not candidates for surgical myectomy. Dehydrated alcohol injection is an ablative agent indicated to induce controlled cardiac septal infarction to improve exercise capacity in adults with symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy who are not candidates for surgical myectomy. (1) Dosage and administration 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION • Inject small volumes over 1 to 2 minutes percutaneously into septal arterial branches, using the minimal dose necessary to achieve the desired reduction in peak left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient. (2.1) • In most situations, a dose of 1 mL to 2 mL is sufficient. The maximum dose that should be used in a single procedure is 5 mL. (2.1) 2.1 Recommended Dosing Use the minimum dose necessary to achieve the desired reduction in peak left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient. Inject small volumes over 1 to 2 minutes percutaneously into septal arterial branches, guided by assessment of the gradient. In most situations, a dose of 1 mL to 2 mL is sufficient. The maximum dose of dehydrated alcohol injection that should be used in a single procedure is 5 mL. 2.2 Administration Dehydrated alcohol injection should only be administered under the supervision of a qualified interventional cardiologist experienced in the percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation procedure. Inspect visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Dehydrated alcohol injection should appear as a clear, colorless solution. Discard unused portion. Warnings and cautions 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Transient heart block: Transient heart block is common at the time of injection. A temporary pacing wire is routinely inserted to mitigate transient heart block. (5.1) • Persistent heart block: Approximately 10% of complete heart block events become permanent and require placement of a permanent pacemaker. (5.1) • Remove the temporary pacemaker lead if no episode of high-degree atrioventricular block occurs. (5.1) • Monitor the patient for heart failure, chest pain, and arrhythmias several days after the procedure. (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) 5.1 Heart Block Transient Heart Block Transient heart block is common at the time of dehydrated alcohol, such as dehydrated alcohol injection, injection into a septal artery. Prior to the injection, a temporary pacing wire is routinely inserted into the apex of the right ventricle, usually via the femoral vein, to treat transient heart block. The pacing lead can be removed if no episode of high-degree atrioventricular block occurs, usually after several hours of observation following percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation. Persistent Heart Block Approximately 10% of complete heart block events become permanent and require placement of a permanent pacemaker following percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation. Risk factors for permanent pacemaker dependency after septal ablation include a baseline PQ interval >160 ms, baseline minimum heart rate 70 mmHg, maximum QRS during the first 48 hours > 155 ms, 3rd degree atrio-ventricular block occurring during the procedure, and no clinical recovery between 12 to 48 hours after the procedure. 5.2 Myocardial Infarction Injection of dehydrated alcohol is intended to create a controlled myocardial infarction for therapeutic purposes. However, excessive myocardial necrosis and subsequent heart failure have been reported. Factors increasing the risk of excessive tissue necrosis include higher volume of alcohol used and a higher number of septal branches injected to reduce the left ventricular outflow tract gradient. 5.3 Ventricular Arrhythmia Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation requiring electrocardioversion occurred at a frequency of approximately 1%. Perform continuous electrocardiographic monitoring for 48 hours after the procedure. Pregnancy 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The concentrations of alcohol in blood after PTSMA were not measured, but dehydrated alcohol injection is not expected to increase significantly the systemic concentrations of endogenous alcohol following administration into a septal artery during percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation. Maternal use is not expected to result in fetal exposure to the drug. Clinical Considerations Dehydrated alcohol injection for percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation has not been evaluated in pregnant women and is not recommended during pregnancy. When possible, the percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation procedure should be postponed in women until the postpartum period. Data Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and chronic fetal alcohol exposure is known to cause developmental defects in huma