Trokendi XR
TOPIRAMATE
Indications and usage 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TROKENDI XR is indicated for: Epilepsy: initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older ( 1.1 ); adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients 6 years of age and older ( 1.2 ) Preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy TROKENDI XR is indicated as initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . 1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy TROKENDI XR is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 6 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . 1.3 Migraine TROKENDI XR is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.4) ] .
Dosage and administration 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION TROKENDI XR initial dose, titration, and recommended maintenance dose varies by indication and age group.
Structured Monograph
Clinical summary
Indications and usage 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TROKENDI XR is indicated for: Epilepsy: initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older ( 1.1 ); adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients 6 years of age and older ( 1.2 ) Preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older ( 1.3 ) 1.1 Monotherapy Epilepsy TROKENDI XR is indicated as initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 6 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] . 1.2 Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy TROKENDI XR is indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 6 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.3) ] . 1.3 Migraine TROKENDI XR is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older [see Clinical Studies (14.4) ] . Dosage and administration 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION TROKENDI XR initial dose, titration, and recommended maintenance dose varies by indication and age group. See Full Prescribing Information for recommended dosage, and dosing considerations in patients with renal impairment, geriatric patients, and patients undergoing hemodialysis ( 2.1 , 2.2 , 2.3 , 2.4 , 2.5 , 2.6 ) Swallow capsule whole and intact. Do not sprinkle on food, chew, or crush ( 2.7 ) 2.1 Dosing in Monotherapy Epilepsy Adults and Pediatric Patients 10 Years of Age and Older with Partial Onset or Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures The recommended dose for TROKENDI XR monotherapy in adults and in pediatric patients 10 years of age and older is 400 mg orally once daily. Titrate TROKENDI XR according to the following schedule: Week 1: 50 mg once daily Week 2: 100 mg once daily Week 3: 150 mg once daily Week 4: 200 mg once daily Week 5: 300 mg once daily Week 6: 400 mg once daily Pediatric Patients Ages 6 to 9 Years of Age Dosing in patients 6 to 9 years of age is based on weight. During the titration period, the initial dose of TROKENDI XR is 25 mg/day nightly for the first week. Based upon tolerability, the dosage can be increased to 50 mg/day in the second week. Dosage can be increased by 25 mg to 50 mg/day each subsequent week as tolerated. Titration to the minimum maintenance dose should be attempted over 5-7 weeks of the total titration period. Based upon tolerability and clinical response, additional titration to a higher dose (up to the maximum maintenance dose) can be attempted at 25 mg to 50 mg/day weekly increments. The total daily dose should not exceed the maximum maintenance dose for each range of body weight (see Table 1 ). Table 1: Monotherapy Target Total Daily Maintenance Dosing for Patients 6 to 9 Years of Age Weight (kg) Total Daily Dose (mg/day) Minimum Maintenance Dose Total Daily Dose (mg/day) Maximum Maintenance Dose Up to 11 150 250 12 - 22 200 300 23 - 31 200 350 32 - 38 250 350 Greater than 38 250 400 2.2 Dosing in Adjunctive Therapy Epilepsy Adults (17 Years of Age and Older) The recommended total daily dose of TROKENDI XR as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures or Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome is 200 mg to 400 mg orally once daily and with primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures is 400 mg orally once daily. Initiate therapy at 25 mg to 50 mg once daily followed by titration to an effective dose in increments of 25 mg to 50 mg every week. Titrating in increments of 25 mg/day every week may delay the time to reach an effective dose. Doses above 400 mg/day have not been shown to improve responses in adults with partial-onset seizures. Pediatric Patients 6 to 16 Years of Age The recommended total daily dose of TROKENDI XR as adjunctive therapy for patients 6 to 16 years of age with partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is approximately 5 mg/kg to 9 mg/kg orally once daily. Begin titration at 25 mg once daily (or less, based on a range of 1 mg/kg/day to 3 mg/kg/day) given nightly for the first week. Subsequently, increase the dosage at 1- or 2-week intervals by increments of 1 mg/kg/day to 3 mg/kg/day to achieve optimal clinical response. Dose titration should be guided by clinical outcome. The total daily dose should not exceed 400 mg/day. 2.3 Dosing for the Preventive Treatment of Migraine The recommended total daily dose of TROKENDI XR as treatment for the preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older is 100 mg once daily. Titrate TROKENDI XR for the preventive treatment of migraine according to the following schedule: Week 1: 25 mg once daily Week 2: 50 mg once daily Week 3: 75 mg once daily Week 4: 100 mg once daily Dose and titration rat
Monitoring
- • 5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Acute myopia and secondary angle closure glaucoma: can lead to permanent visual loss; discontinue TROKENDI XR as soon as possible ( 5.1 ) Visual field defects: consider discontinuation of TROKENDI XR ( 5.2 ) Oligohydrosis and hyperthermia: monitor decreased sweating and increased body temperature, especially in pediatric patients ( 5.3 ) Metabolic acidosis: baseline and periodic measurement of serum bicarbonate is recommended; consider dose reduction or discontinuation of TROKENDI XR if clinically appropriate ( 5.4 ) Suicidal behavior and ideation: antiepileptic drugs increase the risk of suicidal behavior or ideation ( 5.6 ) Cognitive/neuropsychiatric adverse reactions: use caution when operating machinery including cars; depression and mood problems may occur ( 5.7 ) Fetal toxicity: use during pregnancy can cause major congenital malformations, including but not limited to cleft lip and/or palate, and being small for gestational age ( 5.8 ) Withdrawal of AEDs: withdraw TROKENDI XR gradually ( 5.9 ) Decrease in Bone Mineral Density: has been shown to decrease bone mineral density and bone mineral content in pediatric patients ( 5.10 ) Negative effects on growth (height and weight): may slow height increase and weight gain; carefully monitor children receiving prolonged therapy ( 5.11 ) Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)/Multiorgan Hypersensitivity, serious skin reactions, anaphylaxis, and angioedema: Discontinue TROKENDI XR if an alternative etiology cannot be established ( 5.12 , 5.13 , 5.14 ) Hyperammonemia/encephalopathy: measure ammonia if encephalopathic symptoms occur ( 5.15 ) Kidney stones: avoid use with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, other drugs causing metabolic acidosis, or in patients on a ketogenic diet ( 5.16 ) Hypothermia has been reported with and without hyperammonemia during topiramate treatment with concomitant valproic acid use ( 5.17 ) 5.1 Acute Myopia and Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma Syndrome A syndrome consisting of acute myopia associated with secondary angle closure glaucoma has been reported in patients receiving topiramate.
- • Symptoms include acute onset of decreased visual acuity and/or ocular pain.
- • Ophthalmologic findings can include some or all of the following: myopia, mydriasis, anterior chamber shallowing, ocular hyperemia (redness), choroidal detachments, retinal pigment epithelial detachments, macular striae, and increased intraocular pressure.
- • This syndrome may be associated with supraciliary effusion resulting in anterior displacement of the lens and iris, with secondary angle closure glaucoma.
Interaction Notes
- • 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Contraceptives: Decreased contraceptive efficacy and increased breakthrough bleeding, especially at doses greater than 200 mg per day ( 7.5 ) Monitor lithium levels if lithium is used with high-dose TROKENDI XR ( 7.8 ) 7.1 Alcohol Alcohol use is contraindicated within 6 hours prior to and 6 hours after TROKENDI XR administration [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ].
- • 7.2 Antiepileptic Drugs Concomitant administration of phenytoin or carbamazepine with topiramate resulted in a clinically significant decrease in plasma concentrations of topiramate when compared to topiramate given alone.
- • A dosage adjustment may be needed [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
- • Concomitant administration of valproic acid and topiramate has been associated with hypothermia and hyperammonemia with and without encephalopathy.