Sticky black stain that steals everything from you: the lived experiences of women living with human papillomavirus in Tehran, Iran

Objectives This study aims to explore lived experiences of women with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the Iranian socio-cultural context, focusing on their understanding of the disease, associated challenges and the impact of these challenges on health-seeking behaviours. Design This qualitative study was conducted using Smith's Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method, employing in-depth semi-structured interviews.

Setting Community-based recruitment in Tehran, Iran, with data collection conducted in 2025. Participants 10 women aged 24 - 44 years, diagnosed with HPV, were recruited in Tehran through purposive and convenience sampling.

Purposive sampling ensured rich experiential data relevant to the research question, while convenience sampling facilitated access to participants willing to discuss a sensitive topic. Interventions None.

This was an exploratory qualitative study. Results Four main themes emerged from this IPA study: (1) the heavy burden of social stigma (unequal moral landscapes, forced loneliness, body shame and loss of femininity); (2) a challenging therapeutic journey (unknown territory, verbal violence and a ray of hope); (3) persistent worries (living with uncertain tomorrow, fear of cancer and broken trust); and (4) from wound to wisdom (becoming an agent again and not being alone in the experience).

Conclusion This qualitative exploration indicates that for women in the Iranian sociocultural context, the impact of HPV may extend into psychosocial domains, involving gendered stigma and identity concerns that can influence health-seeking behaviours. These experiences appear to be shaped by local perceptions of femininity and social norms.

While many participants faced significant difficulties, some also reported instances of personal growth and strengthened social support. These insights point to the potential benefit of integrating psychological support into HPV care and enhancing healthcare provider training to address the psychosocial needs of patients.

Trial registration number Not applicable (qualitative study).