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Accurate confirmation of Ebola vaccination (ERVEBO) is essential for interpreting serologic data and assessing vaccine coverage during Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreaks. Current GP1,2-based assays cannot reliably distinguish vaccine-induced immunity from responses generated by natural infection.
We developed a multiplex Luminex assay incorporating EBOV GP1,2, secreted glycoprotein (sGP), and a modified vesicular stomatitis virus nucleoprotein (VSV-P-N), a vector antigen encoded by ERVEBO but absent from wild-type EBOV. By using samples from US vaccinees and controls and a small comparison set from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we found sGP and VSV-P-N demonstrated 100% sensitivity and > 97.6% specificity for identifying vaccinees.
In samples collected after a ring vaccination campaign in Guinea, combined sGP and VSV-P-N positivity confirmed vaccination in 94.8% of persons with written and 90.8% of persons with verbal confirmation of vaccination history. Our findings show that sGP and VSV-P-N provide a reliable signature of ERVEBO vaccination and support improved Ebola surveillance.
CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 30 Mar 2026.
The item focuses on Confirming ERVEBO Vaccination to Support Ebola Virus Surveillance.
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