IntroductionLumpy Skin Disease (LSD), caused by a Capripoxvirus, has caused severe outbreaks among cattle in India. The disease status and vaccine response of Mithun (Bos frontalis), a semi-domesticated bovine species of major socio-economic importance in Northeast India, remain poorly understood.
Because sero-epidemiological findings have indicated LSDV exposure in Mithun, preventive interventions are needed.MethodsWe conducted a 12-month longitudinal field study in Nagaland to assess the safety and vaccine-induced immune response of a heterologous goatpox vaccine in seronegative Mithun. Humoral responses were monitored by indirect ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT), whereas selected systemic cytokine markers (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) were evaluated using serum IFN-γ ELISA and PBMC mRNA transcriptional profiling.ResultsSpatial mapping supported continued LSDV activity in Mithun populations.
The vaccine was safe, with no adverse clinical reactions or detectable viral shedding in sequential nasal swabs.
Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 21 Apr 2026.
The item focuses on Humoral and cytokine responses to a heterologous goatpox vaccine in Mithun (Bos frontalis): a longitudinal field study.
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