Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a challenging orthopedic disease worldwide. Previous research has long focused on bone structure repair; however, bone and muscle are now recognized as functionally interconnected units coupled through biomechanics throughout the lifespan.
Recent studies suggest that SONFH is not an isolated single-organ disorder but rather aligns with a systemic comorbid state characterized by the synergistic decline of bone and muscle function. Understanding the pathophysiology of bone and muscle crosstalk in SONFH is essential for its prevention and treatment.
In this review, we propose an integrated pathological framework—the four-axis pathological mechanism of bone and muscle crosstalk in SONFH.
Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 01 Apr 2026.
The item focuses on Bone and muscle crosstalk in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a four-axis pathophysiological framework.
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