Risk factors for relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) in the first years after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells transplant (allo-HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are well known, but their correlation with long-term survivorship is unclear. This study aims to evaluate factors that impact on long-term survival after allo-HSCT in AML.
We retrospectively analyzed data of 456 consecutive patients who received a first allo-HSCT in our center, regardless of conditioning intensity, GvHD prophylaxis, donor matching and HSC source. At transplant, two hundred and four patients (44%) were in CR1, 62 patients (14%) in CR>1, 27 (6%) in CR MRD+ and 163 patients (36%) in active disease (AD).
Two-hundred and thirty-nine patients (52%) were alive 2 years after allo-HSCT. Median follow-up was 6.1 years.
The 5 years OS was 63% for CR1, 38% for CR>1 and 25% for AD. However, in patients alive and disease free 2 years after allo-HSCT the probability of being alive for 3 more years was 86% for CR1, 72% for CR>1 and 79% for AD, with no statistically significant differences between CR>1 and AD.
Frontiers in Immunology published a clinical update in Infectious Disease on 19 May 2026.
The item focuses on The conditional benefit of being alive and disease free at 2 years after transplant: a long term survival evaluation among 456 patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia.
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