This operational study reports real-world coverage and completion of the short-course TPT regimen known as 1HP (isoniazid plus rifapentine, once daily for 28 days) among people living with HIV attending a public anti-retroviral therapy (ART) centre in Western India.
Tuberculosis remains a major cause of illness and death among people living with HIV. To reduce TB risk, early initiation of TB preventive therapy is a priority. As reported in the source, the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) in India recommended the newer short-course 1HP regimen for people living with HIV starting May 2024.
The study aimed to determine three primary outcomes: coverage (proportion eligible who started the new regimen), completion (proportion who finished the 28-day course), and factors associated with TPT coverage. A secondary objective was to calculate the incidence of active tuberculosis among those who received the new 1HP regimen during subsequent visits up to the end of the study period.
Secondary data were used, comprising clinical and sociodemographic profiles of all people living with HIV who presented to the ART centre of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection covered one year beginning September 2024. The investigators obtained permission from the Institutional Human Ethics Committee prior to data collection. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.
The abstract reports counts for eligibility, initiation, and completion of the 1HP regimen. Although the source specifies the numbers and percentages, it does not detail the precise clinical criteria used to define eligibility within the abstract; those criteria were not reported in the provided source text.
A total of 1,611 people living with HIV attended the ART centre during the study period. Of these, 287 were identified as eligible for TPT under the newer 1HP policy. Among the 287 eligible individuals, 217 (75%) initiated the 1HP regimen. Of those who started, 216 completed the full 28-day course, yielding a completion rate of 99.5% among initiators.
These figures reflect both uptake (coverage) and adherence to completion among those who began therapy in this single-centre operational setting.
The abstract reports a single discontinuation due to urticaria. No other adverse events or reasons for discontinuation are detailed in the source text.
The study examined associations between TPT coverage and several sociodemographic and clinical indicators. The abstract states there was no significant association between coverage and the majority of these indicators. The exception was area of residence: TPT coverage was significantly higher among people living with HIV residing in rural areas compared with those in urban areas. The abstract does not provide the specific statistical measures, effect sizes, or p-values for these comparisons; those details were not reported in the provided text.
Among individuals who received the newer 1HP regimen, the recorded incidence of active tuberculosis during subsequent visits through the study period was 0.46%. The abstract does not give absolute counts of incident TB cases, person-time denominators, or the length of follow-up for each participant; those numeric details were not reported in the source abstract.
In this ART centre population in Western India, the coverage of the short-course 1HP TB preventive therapy was 75% among those deemed eligible, and the completion rate among initiators was 99.5%. Uptake appeared higher in rural residents than urban residents. A low incidence of active TB (0.46%) was observed among those who received 1HP during the follow-up period reported in the abstract. Only one discontinuation due to urticaria was reported.
These findings provide preliminary, centre-level operational data following the NACP recommendation to implement the 1HP regimen for people living with HIV. The abstract supplies core outcome measures and notes the data management and analysis tools used, but it does not include detailed eligibility criteria, detailed statistical output, or person-time follow-up metrics in the summary provided.