Clade II Monkeypox Outbreaks in Ghana and Liberia: Travel Advisory

Overview of Clade II Monkeypox Outbreaks in Ghana and Liberia

As of January 26, 2026, the CDC has announced ongoing outbreaks of Clade II monkeypox in Ghana and Liberia. Unlike the recent global Clade II monkeypox outbreak that began in 2022, which predominantly impacted gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), the current outbreaks in these West African nations are affecting individuals across all genders in roughly equal numbers.

Transmission Dynamics

Person-to-person transmission is the primary means through which monkeypox is spreading in these outbreaks. This includes transmission through sexual or other intimate contact, which highlights the significance of behavioral factors in the spread of the disease. Health authorities emphasize that anyone engaging in intimate relationships, including sexual activities, may face increased risks, particularly those who plan to participate in specific high-risk activities during their stay in these countries.

Recommendations for Travelers

The CDC recommends that travelers to Ghana and Liberia who anticipate engaging in higher risk sexual behaviors take precautionary measures, such as receiving the monkeypox vaccination. Specific activities that warrant vaccination include:

• Sexual activity with new partners
• Encounters at commercial sex venues (e.g., sex clubs, bathhouses)
• Intimate contact in exchange for money, drugs, or other forms of trade
• Participation in large public gatherings (e.g., raves, parties, festivals) where intimate contact may occur

For those eligible for vaccination, the JYNNEOS vaccine is recommended. It consists of a two-dose regimen administered at least 28 days apart. Individuals who have only received one dose and are at risk for monkeypox should get their second dose as soon as possible, as it takes about two weeks post-second dose to achieve maximum protection.

General Precautions

Regardless of vaccination status, all travelers should remain vigilant and take necessary precautions to mitigate their risk of monkeypox infection. This includes:

• Avoiding close contact with anyone exhibiting signs and symptoms of monkeypox, such as skin lesions, rashes, or other unusual skin changes.
• Steering clear of contaminated materials that may have been used by sick individuals, including clothing and bedding.
• Keeping a safe distance from wild animals, dead or alive, such as squirrels, rats, or monkeys, as transmission can also occur through contact with animals.
• Not consuming or preparing meat from wild animals, referred to as bushmeat, and avoiding use of products derived from wildlife.

Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Care

Symptoms of monkeypox often include fever, rash, headache, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes, although fever is not always present. Anyone who develops a new or unexplained skin rash, particularly in combination with fever or chills, should seek medical care promptly. It is crucial to inform healthcare providers of any recent travel to areas with known monkeypox outbreaks during the previous 21 days.

Isolation and Infection Control

If symptoms arise and monkeypox is suspected, individuals should adhere to strict isolation and infection control measures at home and while traveling to prevent further spread of the virus. This includes minimizing contact with others and notifying healthcare providers accordingly.

Conclusion

As outbreaks of Clade II monkeypox continue in Ghana and Liberia, travelers should exercise heightened caution and adhere to health recommendations to protect themselves and the broader community. Engaging in proactive planning and health measures will be critical for those traveling to these areas in the near future.